{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T17:08:20Z","timestamp":1791824900905,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":286,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730937600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-14-00032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-14-00032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>This review addresses the ongoing global challenge posed by emerging and evolving viral diseases, underscoring the need for innovative vaccine development strategies. It focuses on the modern approaches to creating vaccines based on recombinant proteins produced in different expression systems, including bacteria, yeast, plants, insects, and mammals. This review analyses the advantages, limitations, and applications of these expression systems for producing vaccine antigens, as well as strategies for designing safer, more effective, and potentially \u2018universal\u2019 antigens. The review discusses the development of vaccines for a range of viral diseases, excluding SARS-CoV-2, which has already been extensively studied. The authors present these findings with the aim of contributing to ongoing research and advancing the development of antiviral vaccines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252211979","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]],"date-time":"2024-11-07T09:24:13Z","timestamp":1730971453000},"page":"11979","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Prokaryote- and Eukaryote-Based Expression Systems: Advances in Post-Pandemic Viral Antigen Production for Vaccines"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Nelli S.","family":"Khudainazarova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dmitriy L.","family":"Granovskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5134-6624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga A.","family":"Kondakova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2683-8285","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina M.","family":"Ryabchevskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9786-7652","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Angelina O.","family":"Kovalenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0679-6818","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ekaterina A.","family":"Evtushenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina V.","family":"Arkhipenko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9626-2336","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolai A.","family":"Nikitin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0605-9033","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Olga V.","family":"Karpova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coviro.2023.101377","article-title":"The natural virome and pandemic potential: Disease X","volume":"63","author":"Lawrence","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. 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