{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T18:22:33Z","timestamp":1767205353023,"version":"build-2238731810"},"reference-count":88,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731024000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-25-00082"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-25-00082"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["www.mdpi.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Chronic nonhealing wounds, such as diabetic ulcers, are among the most serious complications of diabetes mellitus. Consequently, the search for new therapeutic strategies remains highly relevant. Based on our previous data on acute wounds, bioactive molecules derived from the liver fluke Opisthorchis felineus hold promise as a novel approach to wound healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the wound-healing properties of excretory\u2013secretory products (ESP) and inactivated eggs of O. felineus in a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Two-month-old mice of the BKS.Cg + Leprdb\/+Leprdb\/OlaHsd (db\/db) strain were inflicted with superficial wounds of 5 mm in diameter. Mouse groups included several controls (methylcellulose as the vehicle and human recombinant PDGF as the positive control) and specific-treatment groups (ESP and inactivated O. felineus eggs). Histopathological, immunohistochemical, and RT-PCR studies using markers for M1\/M2 polarization, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix remodeling were carried out. Additionally, an image analysis of Masson\u2019s trichrome-stained skin sections was performed. The proliferation of HaCaT cells under ESP and egg treatment was also assessed. The present study reveals a significant increase in the percentage of wound healing in ESP- and egg-treated groups, which significantly exceeded the control values after 14 days. Wound treatment with either ESP or worm eggs resulted in (i) a reduction in inflammation with a canonical M1-to-M2 polarization shift, (ii) the modulation of the vascular response, and (iii) dermal extracellular matrix remodeling. All results are comparable to those of the positive control group treated with PDGF. This study also reveals that ESP, but not O. felineus eggs, stimulated keratinocyte proliferation in vitro. The results indicate the high wound-healing potential of liver fluke bioactive molecules and open prospects for further research on these new promising therapeutic approaches.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]],"date-time":"2024-11-08T04:02:54Z","timestamp":1731038574000},"page":"12002","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Liver Fluke-Derived Molecules Accelerate Skin Repair Processes in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9543-9005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kovner","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0933-9687","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yaroslav","family":"Kapushchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oxana","family":"Zaparina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitry","family":"Ponomarev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1054-2068","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Pakharukova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Akad. Lavrentiev Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"},{"name":"Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 2 Pirogova Str., Novosibirsk 630090, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2004","DOI":"10.1002\/hsr2.2004","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, the fastest growing global public health concern: Early detection should be focused","volume":"7","author":"Hossain","year":"2024","journal-title":"Health Sci. 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