{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T23:22:00Z","timestamp":1789428120344,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Program Management Unit for Human Resources and Institutional Development, Research and Innovation","award":["B16F640175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16F640175"]}]},{"name":"Program Management Unit for Human Resources and Institutional Development, Research and Innovation","award":["B48G660112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B48G660112"]}]},{"name":"Program Management Unit for Human Resources and Institutional Development, Research and Innovation","award":["RA-MF-22\/65"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-22\/65"]}]},{"name":"Program Management Unit for Human Resources and Institutional Development, Research and Innovation","award":["RA-MF-13\/66"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-13\/66"]}]},{"name":"Program Management Unit for Human Resources and Institutional Development, Research and Innovation","award":["RA-MF-02\/67"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-02\/67"]}]},{"name":"Program Management Unit for Human Resources and Institutional Development, Research and Innovation","award":["HEAF67300087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEAF67300087"]}]},{"name":"Rachadapisek Sompote Matching Fund","award":["B16F640175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16F640175"]}]},{"name":"Rachadapisek Sompote Matching Fund","award":["B48G660112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B48G660112"]}]},{"name":"Rachadapisek Sompote Matching Fund","award":["RA-MF-22\/65"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-22\/65"]}]},{"name":"Rachadapisek Sompote Matching Fund","award":["RA-MF-13\/66"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-13\/66"]}]},{"name":"Rachadapisek Sompote Matching Fund","award":["RA-MF-02\/67"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-02\/67"]}]},{"name":"Rachadapisek Sompote Matching Fund","award":["HEAF67300087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEAF67300087"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund, Chulalongkorn University","award":["B16F640175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16F640175"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund, Chulalongkorn University","award":["B48G660112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B48G660112"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund, Chulalongkorn University","award":["RA-MF-22\/65"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-22\/65"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund, Chulalongkorn University","award":["RA-MF-13\/66"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-13\/66"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund, Chulalongkorn University","award":["RA-MF-02\/67"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-02\/67"]}]},{"name":"Thailand Science Research and Innovation Fund, Chulalongkorn University","award":["HEAF67300087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEAF67300087"]}]},{"name":"Second Century Fund (C2F)","award":["B16F640175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16F640175"]}]},{"name":"Second Century Fund (C2F)","award":["B48G660112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B48G660112"]}]},{"name":"Second Century Fund (C2F)","award":["RA-MF-22\/65"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-22\/65"]}]},{"name":"Second Century Fund (C2F)","award":["RA-MF-13\/66"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-13\/66"]}]},{"name":"Second Century Fund (C2F)","award":["RA-MF-02\/67"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-02\/67"]}]},{"name":"Second Century Fund (C2F)","award":["HEAF67300087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEAF67300087"]}]},{"name":"90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University fund (Rachadapisek Sompote Endowment Fund)","award":["B16F640175"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B16F640175"]}]},{"name":"90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University fund (Rachadapisek Sompote Endowment Fund)","award":["B48G660112"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["B48G660112"]}]},{"name":"90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University fund (Rachadapisek Sompote Endowment Fund)","award":["RA-MF-22\/65"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-22\/65"]}]},{"name":"90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University fund (Rachadapisek Sompote Endowment Fund)","award":["RA-MF-13\/66"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-13\/66"]}]},{"name":"90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University fund (Rachadapisek Sompote Endowment Fund)","award":["RA-MF-02\/67"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA-MF-02\/67"]}]},{"name":"90th Anniversary of Chulalongkorn University fund (Rachadapisek Sompote Endowment Fund)","award":["HEAF67300087"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HEAF67300087"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Due to the possible coexistence of Klebsiella pneumoniae (KP) and Candida albicans (CA), strains of KP and CA with biofilm production properties clinically isolated from patients were tested. The production of biofilms from the combined organisms (KP+CA) was higher than the biofilms from each organism alone, as indicated by crystal violet and z-stack immunofluorescence. In parallel, the bacterial abundance in KP + CA was similar to KP, but the fungal abundance was higher than CA (culture method), implying that CA grows better in the presence of KP. Proteomic analysis was performed to compare KP + CA biofilm to KP biofilm alone. With isolated mouse neutrophils (thioglycolate induction), KP + CA biofilms induced less prominent responses than KP biofilms, as determined by (i) neutrophilic supernatant cytokines (ELISA) and (ii) neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), using immunofluorescent images (neutrophil elastase, myeloperoxidase, and citrullinated histone 3), peptidyl arginine deiminase 4 (PAD4) expression, and cell-free DNA. Likewise, intratracheal KP + CA in C57BL\/6 mice induces less severe pneumonia than KP alone, as indicated by organ injury (serum creatinine and alanine transaminase) (colorimetric assays), cytokines (ELISA), bronchoalveolar lavage fluid parameters (bacterial culture and neutrophil abundances using a hemocytometer), histology score (H&amp;E stains), and NETs (immunofluorescence on the lung tissue). In conclusion, the biofilm biomass of KP + CA was mostly produced from CA with less potent neutrophil activation and less severe pneumonia than KP alone. Hence, fungi in the respiratory tract might benefit the host in some situations, despite the well-known adverse effects of fungi.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212157","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]],"date-time":"2024-11-12T12:49:56Z","timestamp":1731415796000},"page":"12157","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Coexistence of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Candida albicans Enhanced Biofilm Thickness but Induced Less Severe Neutrophil Responses and Less Inflammation in Pneumonia Mice Than K. pneumoniae Alone"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Pornpimol","family":"Phuengmaung","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiratchaya","family":"Chongrak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Medical Microbiology, Interdisciplinary and International Program, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0074-0389","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilasinee","family":"Saisorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6025-0106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jiradej","family":"Makjaroen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Uthaibhorn","family":"Singkham-in","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Faculty of Medical Technology, Rangsit University, Pathum Thani 12000, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5566-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Asada","family":"Leelahavanichkul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Center of Excellence on Translational Research in Inflammation and Immunology (CETRII), Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"},{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cruz, A., Condinho, M., Carvalho, B., Arraiano, C.M., Pobre, V., and Pinto, S.N. (2021). The Two Weapons against Bacterial Biofilms: Detection and Treatment. Antibiotics, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10121482"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Ma, J., Cheng, P., Li, M., Yu, Z., Song, X., Yu, Z., Sun, H., Zhang, W., and Wang, Z. (2023). Roles of two-component regulatory systems in Klebsiella pneumoniae: Regulation of virulence, antibiotic resistance, and stress responses. Microbiol. Res., 272.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2023.127374"},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, L., Gao, X., Li, M., Liu, Y., Ma, J., Wang, X., Yu, Z., Cheng, W., Zhang, W., and Sun, H. (2024). Relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae and updates on antibiofilm therapeutic strategies. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2024.1324895"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.16.7","article-title":"Understanding, preventing and eradicating Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilms","volume":"11","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2015","journal-title":"Futur. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2020.109742","article-title":"Effects of quorum sensing on the biofilm formation and viable but non-culturable state","volume":"137","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Di Domenico, E.G., Farulla, I., Prignano, G., Gallo, M.T., Vespaziani, M., Cavallo, I., Sperduti, I., Pontone, M., Bordignon, V., and Cilli, L. (2017). Biofilm is a Major Virulence Determinant in Bacterial Colonization of Chronic Skin Ulcers Independently from the Multidrug Resistant Phenotype. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 18.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18051077"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3201\/eid0702.010226","article-title":"Biofilms and Device-Associated Infections","volume":"7","author":"Donlan","year":"2001","journal-title":"Emerg. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"990","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6976.2012.00325.x","article-title":"Multi-species biofilms: Living with friendly neighbors","volume":"36","author":"Elias","year":"2012","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol. Rev."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2209699119","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2209699119","article-title":"Interkingdom assemblages in human saliva display group-level surface mobility and disease-promoting emergent functions","volume":"119","author":"Ren","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Xu, T., Xiao, Y., Wang, H., Zhu, J., Lee, Y., Zhao, J., Lu, W., and Zhang, H. (2022). Characterization of Mixed-Species Biofilms Formed by Four Gut Microbiota. Microorganisms, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10122332"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruhal, R., and Kataria, R. (2021). Biofilm patterns in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Microbiol. Res., 251.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2021.126829"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4779","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00925-13","article-title":"The Characterization of a Cyclic-Di-GMP (c-Di-GMP) Pathway Leads to a New Tool for Studying c-Di-GMP Metabolic Genes","volume":"195","author":"Tamayo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Bacteriol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"wrae073","DOI":"10.1093\/ismejo\/wrae073","article-title":"Mechanisms and implications of bacterial\u2013fungal competition for soil resources","volume":"18","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"ISME J."},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Maione, A., de Alteriis, E., Carraturo, F., Galdiero, S., Falanga, A., Guida, M., Di Cosmo, A., Maselli, V., and Galdiero, E. (2021). The Membranotropic Peptide gH625 to Combat Mixed Candida albicans\/Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilm: Correlation between In Vitro Anti-Biofilm Activity and In Vivo Antimicrobial Protection. J. Fungi, 7.","DOI":"10.3390\/jof7010026"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Welp, A.L., and Bomberger, J.M. (2020). Bacterial Community Interactions During Chronic Respiratory Disease. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00213"},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Effah, C.Y., Sun, T., Liu, S., and Wu, Y. (2020). Klebsiella pneumoniae: An increasing threat to public health. Ann. Clin. Microbiol. Antimicrob., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941-019-0343-8"},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guerra, M.E.S., Destro, G., Vieira, B., Lima, A.S., Ferraz, L.F.C., Hakansson, A.P., Darrieux, M., and Converso, T.R. (2022). Klebsiella pneumoniae Biofilms and Their Role in Disease Pathogenesis. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.877995"},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pan, Y.-J., Lin, T.-L., Chen, C.-T., Chen, Y.-Y., Hsieh, P.-F., Hsu, C.-R., Wu, M.-C., and Wang, J.-T. (2015). Genetic analysis of capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene clusters in 79 capsular types of Klebsiella spp. Sci. Rep., 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep15573"},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1111\/jam.14949","article-title":"Biofilm of Candida albicans: Formation, regulation and resistance","volume":"131","author":"Pereira","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Appl. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5459","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.68.11.5459-5463.2002","article-title":"Inhibition of Candida albicans biofilm formation by farnesol, a quorum-sensing molecule","volume":"68","author":"Ramage","year":"2002","journal-title":"Appl. Environ. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rodrigues, C.F., and \u010cern\u00e1kov\u00e1, L. (2020). Farnesol and Tyrosol: Secondary Metabolites with a Crucial quorum-sensing Role in Candida Biofilm Development. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11040444"},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Galdiero, E., Salvatore, M.M., Maione, A., de Alteriis, E., Andolfi, A., Salvatore, F., and Guida, M. (2021). GC-MS-Based Metabolomics Study of Single- and Dual-Species Biofilms of Candida albicans and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 22.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073496"},{"key":"ref_23","unstructured":"Pontis, H.G. (2016). Methods for Analysis of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Photosynthetic Organisms: Plants, Green Algae and Cyanobacteria, Academic Press."},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Su, C., Gong, J.-S., Dong, Q., Wang, N.-K., Li, H., Shi, J.-S., and Xu, Z.-H. (2024). Efficient production and characterization of a newly identified trehalase for inhibiting the formation of bacterial biofilms. Int. J. Biol. Macromol., 262.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.129928"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phuengmaung, P., Mekjaroen, J., Saisorn, W., Chatsuwan, T., Somparn, P., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2022). Rapid Synergistic Biofilm Production of Pseudomonas and Candida on the Pulmonary Cell Surface and in Mice, a Possible Cause of Chronic Mixed Organismal Lung Lesions. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169202"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phuengmaung, P., Somparn, P., Panpetch, W., Singkham-In, U., Wannigama, D.L., Chatsuwan, T., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2020). Coexistence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa with Candida albicans Enhances Biofilm Thickness Through Alginate-Related Extracellular Matrix but Is Attenuated by N-acetyl-l-cysteine. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.594336"},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Phuengmaung, P., Panpetch, W., Singkham-In, U., Chatsuwan, T., Chirathaworn, C., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2021). Presence of Candida tropicalis on Staphylococcus epidermidis Biofilms Facilitated Biofilm Production and Candida Dissemination: An Impact of Fungi on Bacterial Biofilms. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2021.763239"},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1374","DOI":"10.3390\/ph3051374","article-title":"Combining Biofilm-Controlling Compounds and Antibiotics as a Promising New Way to Control Biofilm Infections","volume":"3","author":"Estrela","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2660","DOI":"10.1002\/jrs.6237","article-title":"Correlation of crystal violet biofilm test results of Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates with Raman spectroscopic read-out","volume":"52","author":"Ebert","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Raman Spectrosc."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"iyaa023","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/iyaa023","article-title":"Cohesin dysfunction results in cell wall defects in budding yeast","volume":"217","author":"Kothiwal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, Y., and Ni, M. (2023). Regulation of biofilm formation in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Front. Microbiol., 14.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1238482"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tibs.2015.07.009","article-title":"The GroEL-GroES Chaperonin Machine: A Nano-Cage for Protein Folding","volume":"41","author":"Bracher","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Biochem. Sci."},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1039\/C4MT00327F","article-title":"Copper tolerance and virulence in bacteria","volume":"7","author":"Ladomersky","year":"2015","journal-title":"Metallomics"},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.15","article-title":"Metal homeostasis and resistance in bacteria","volume":"15","author":"Chandrangsu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Planson, A.-G., Sauveplane, V., Dervyn, E., and Jules, M. (2020). Bacterial growth physiology and RNA metabolism. Biochim. Biophys. Acta BBA Gene Regul. Mech., 1863.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagrm.2020.194502"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cels.2021.06.002","article-title":"Fundamental limits on the rate of bacterial growth and their influence on proteomic composition","volume":"12","author":"Belliveau","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Syst."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Muzaki, M.Z.B.M., Subramoni, S., Summers, S., Kjelleberg, S., and Rice, S.A. (2024). Klebsiella pneumoniae AI-2 transporters mediate interspecies interactions and composition in a three-species biofilm community. npj Biofilms Microbiomes, 10.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-024-00546-0"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0046221","DOI":"10.1128\/msystems.00462-21","article-title":"Trehalose Phosphate Synthase Complex-Mediated Regulation of Trehalose 6-Phosphate Homeostasis Is Critical for Development and Pathogenesis in Magnaporthe oryzae","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"mSystems"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2108894118","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2108894118","article-title":"The LpoA activator is required to stimulate the peptidoglycan polymerase activity of its cognate cell wall synthase PBP1a","volume":"118","author":"Sardis","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2023.05.008","article-title":"Biofilm formation on human immune cells is a multicellular predation strategy of Vibrio cholerae","volume":"186","author":"Vidakovic","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100057","DOI":"10.1016\/j.crimmu.2023.100057","article-title":"Battle royale: Immune response on biofilms\u2014Host-pathogen interactions","volume":"4","author":"Reyes","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr. Res. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhong, H., Lu, R.-Y., and Wang, Y. (2022). Neutrophil extracellular traps in fungal infections: A seesaw battle in hosts. Front. Immunol., 13.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.977493"},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Scherer, A.K., Hopke, A., Sykes, D.B., Irimia, D., and Mansour, M.K. (2021). Host defense against fungal pathogens: Adaptable neutrophil responses and the promise of therapeutic opportunities?. PLoS Pathog., 17.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1009691"},{"key":"ref_44","first-page":"18","article-title":"Isolated Candida infection of the lung","volume":"16","author":"Shweihat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Respir. Med. Case Rep."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dietert, K., Gutbier, B., Wienhold, S.M., Reppe, K., Jiang, X., Yao, L., Chaput, C., Naujoks, J., Brack, M., and Kupke, A. (2017). Spectrum of pathogen- and model-specific histopathologies in mouse models of acute pneumonia. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188251"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0151922","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01519-22","article-title":"PlyKp104, a Novel Phage Lysin for the Treatment of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Other Gram-Negative ESKAPE Pathogens","volume":"67","author":"Euler","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.09.018","article-title":"Phage therapy for treatment of virulent Klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a mouse model","volume":"21","author":"Anand","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Glob. Antimicrob. Resist."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9466","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO03185B","article-title":"Chlorogenic acid ameliorates Klebsiella pneumoniae-induced pneumonia in immunosuppressed mice via inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasomes","volume":"12","author":"Zeng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"ref_49","first-page":"55068","article-title":"A Robust Pneumonia Model in Immunocompetent Rodents to Evaluate Antibacterial Efficacy against S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii","volume":"2","author":"Hoover","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Vis. Exp."},{"key":"ref_50","unstructured":"Bhunyakarnjanarat, T., Makjaroen, J., Saisorn, W., Hirunsap, K., Chiewchengchol, J., Ritprajak, P., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2024). Lupus exacerbation in ovalbumin-induced asthma in Fc gamma receptor IIb deficient mice, partly due to hyperfunction of dendritic cells. Asian Pac. J. Allergy Immunol."},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hiengrach, P., Panpetch, W., Chindamporn, A., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2022). Helicobacter pylori, Protected from Antibiotics and Stresses Inside Candida albicans Vacuoles, Cause Gastritis in Mice. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158568"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Davyt, M., Bharti, N., and Ignatova, Z. (2023). Effect of mRNA\/tRNA mutations on translation speed: Implications for human diseases. J. Biol. Chem., 299.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2023.105089"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1080\/1040841X.2020.1843400","article-title":"Candida albicans biofilms and polymicrobial interactions","volume":"47","author":"Ponde","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2017.107","article-title":"Development and regulation of single- and multi-species Candida albicans biofilms","volume":"16","author":"Lohse","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kahl, L.J., Stremmel, N., Esparza-Mora, M.A., Wheatley, R.M., MacLean, R.C., and Ralser, M. (2023). Interkingdom interactions between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Candida albicans affect clinical outcomes and antimicrobial responses. Curr. Opin. Microbiol., 75.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mib.2023.102368"},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1192","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2020.1809326","article-title":"Trehalose and bacterial virulence","volume":"11","author":"Vanaporn","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Thammahong, A., Puttikamonkul, S., Perfect, J.R., Brennan, R.G., and Cramer, R.A. (2017). Central Role of the Trehalose Biosynthesis Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Human Fungal Infections: Opportunities and Challenges for Therapeutic Development. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., 81.","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00053-16"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sae-Khow, K., Charoensappakit, A., Chiewchengchol, D., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2022). High-Dose Intravenous Ascorbate in Sepsis, a Pro-Oxidant Enhanced Microbicidal Activity and the Effect on Neutrophil Functions. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11010051"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Charoensappakit, A., Sae-Khow, K., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2022). Gut Barrier Damage and Gut Translocation of Pathogen Molecules in Lupus, an Impact of Innate Immunity (Macrophages and Neutrophils) in Autoimmune Disease. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158223"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.02.007","article-title":"Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Confine Pseudomonas aeruginosa Ocular Biofilms and Restrict Brain Invasion","volume":"25","author":"Thanabalasuriar","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2019.03.014","article-title":"Neutrophils Facing Biofilms: The Battle of the Barriers","volume":"25","author":"Papayannopoulos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, C.J., Kernien, J.F., Hoyer, A.R., and Nett, J.E. (2017). Mechanisms involved in the triggering of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by Candida glabrata during planktonic and biofilm growth. Sci. Rep., 7.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-13588-6"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1532","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1092385","article-title":"Neutrophil extracellular traps kill bacteria","volume":"303","author":"Brinkmann","year":"2004","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baz, A.A., Hao, H., Lan, S., Li, Z., Liu, S., Chen, S., and Chu, Y. (2024). Neutrophil extracellular traps in bacterial infections and evasion strategies. Front. Immunol., 15.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1357967"},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guilhen, C., Miquel, S., Charbonnel, N., Joseph, L., Carrier, G., Forestier, C., and Balestrino, D. (2019). Colonization and immune modulation properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae biofilm-dispersed cells. npj Biofilms Microbiomes, 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-019-0098-1"},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nguyen, L.D.N., Viscogliosi, E., and Delhaes, L. (2015). The lung mycobiome: An emerging field of the human respiratory microbiome. Front. Microbiol., 6.","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.00089"},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/gm467","article-title":"The human mycobiome in health and disease","volume":"5","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Genome Med."},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, Y., Yi, J., Xiang, J., Jia, W., Chen, A., Chen, L., Zheng, L., Zhou, W., Wu, M., and Yu, Z. (2023). Exploration of lung mycobiome in the patients with non-small-cell lung cancer. BMC Microbiol., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-023-02790-4"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Henriques, B.S., Garcia, E.S., Azambuja, P., and Genta, F.A. (2020). Determination of Chitin Content in Insects: An Alternate Method Based on Calcofluor Staining. Front. Physiol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2020.00117"},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.2147\/CCID.S215661","article-title":"Evaluation of The Efficacy of Fluorescent Staining and Chicago Sky Blue Staining as Methods for Diagnosis of Dermatophytosis in Hair and Nails","volume":"12","author":"Mourad","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin. Cosmet. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"ref_71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singkham-In, U., Phuengmaung, P., Makjaroen, J., Saisorn, W., Bhunyakarnjanarat, T., Chatsuwan, T., Chirathaworn, C., Chancharoenthana, W., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2022). Chlorhexidine Promotes Psl Expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa That Enhances Cell Aggregation with Preserved Pathogenicity Demonstrates an Adaptation against Antiseptic. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158308"},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Panpetch, W., Visitchanakun, P., Saisorn, W., Sawatpanich, A., Chatthanathon, P., Somboonna, N., Tumwasorn, S., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2021). Lactobacillus rhamnosus attenuates Thai chili extracts induced gut inflammation and dysbiosis despite capsaicin bactericidal effect against the probiotics, a possible toxicity of high dose capsaicin. PLoS ONE, 16.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0261189"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saisorn, W., Saithong, S., Phuengmaung, P., Udompornpitak, K., Bhunyakarnjanarat, T., Visitchanakun, P., Chareonsappakit, A., Pisitkun, P., Chiewchengchol, D., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2021). Acute Kidney Injury Induced Lupus Exacerbation Through the Enhanced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (and Apoptosis) in Fcgr2b Deficient Lupus Mice with Renal Ischemia Reperfusion Injury. Front. Immunol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.669162"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sae-Khow, K., Phuengmaung, P., Issara-Amphorn, J., Makjaroen, J., Visitchanakun, P., Boonmee, A., Benjaskulluecha, S., Palaga, T., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2023). Less Severe Polymicrobial Sepsis in Conditional mgmt-Deleted Mice Using LysM-Cre System, Impacts of DNA Methylation and MGMT Inhibitor in Sepsis. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 24.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241210175"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2333","DOI":"10.2147\/JIR.S305225","article-title":"A Synergy Between Endotoxin and (1\u21923)-Beta-D-Glucan Enhanced Neutrophil Extracellular Traps in Candida Administered Dextran Sulfate Solution Induced Colitis in FcGRIIB-\/- Lupus Mice, an Impact of Intestinal Fungi in Lupus","volume":"14","author":"Saithong","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Inflamm. Res."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Saisorn, W., Santiworakul, C., Phuengmaung, P., Siripen, N., Rianthavorn, P., and Leelahavanichkul, A. (2024). Extracellular traps in peripheral blood mononuclear cell fraction in childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus. Sci. Rep., 14.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-74705-w"},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dinh, T.T.H., Tummamunkong, P., Padungros, P., Ponpakdee, P., Boonprakong, L., Saisorn, W., Leelahavanichkul, A., Kueanjinda, P., and Ritprajak, P. (2021). Interaction Between Dendritic Cells and Candida krusei \u03b2-Glucan Partially Depends on Dectin-1 and It Promotes High IL-10 Production by T Cells. Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.566661"},{"key":"ref_78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ftx029","DOI":"10.1093\/femspd\/ftx029","article-title":"The significance of Candida in the human respiratory tract: Our evolving understanding","volume":"75","author":"Pendleton","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pathog. Dis."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/22\/12157\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:31:00Z","timestamp":1760113860000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/22\/12157"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"22","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms252212157"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252212157","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,12]]}}}