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Understanding the retina\u2019s structure, function, and development is essential for vision research. It is known that the thyroid hormone (TH) receptor type beta 2 (TR\u03b22) is a key element in the regulation of cone differentiation in the retina, but other elements of TH signaling, such as transporters and enzyme deiodinases, have also been implicated in retinal cell development and survival. In the present study, we investigated the expression profile of genes involved in TH signaling and analyzed the impact of thyroidal status on retinal morphology, opsin expression, cell death\/proliferation profile, as well as color preference behavior during the early retina development of zebrafish larvae. mRNA expression analysis on dissected whole eyes revealed that TH signaling elements gradually increase during eye development, with dio3b being the component that shows the most dramatic change. Mutations generated by CRISPR\/CAS9 in the dio3b gene, but not in the thrb gene, modifies the structure of the retina. Disruption in TH level reduces the cell number of the ganglion cell layer, increases cell death, and modifies color preference, emphasizing the critical importance of precise TH regulation by its signaling elements for optimal retinal development and function.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212215","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T04:15:49Z","timestamp":1731557749000},"page":"12215","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Ontogeny of Thyroid Hormone Signaling in the Retina of Zebrafish: Effects of Thyroidal Status on Retinal Morphology, Cell Survival, and Color Preference"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3971-3628","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iv\u00e1n","family":"Lazcano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Santiago M.","family":"Pech-Pool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda Fernanda","family":"Maldonado-Lira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facultad de Quimica, Universidad Autonoma de Queretaro, Centro Universitario, Queretaro 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurora","family":"Olvera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4429-8868","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veerle M.","family":"Darras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Biology Department, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aurea","family":"Orozco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Neurobiologia, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Boulevard Juriquilla 3001, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"},{"name":"Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de M\u00e9xico (UNAM), Campus Juriquilla, Queretaro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2015.06.006","article-title":"Development of the Vertebrate Eye and Retina","volume":"Volume 134","author":"Stenkamp","year":"2015","journal-title":"Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygcen.2016.04.004","article-title":"Growth hormone reverses excitotoxic damage induced by kainic acid in the green iguana neuroretina","volume":"234","author":"Mora","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gen. 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