{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T00:17:14Z","timestamp":1790381834662,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"JSPS KAKENHI","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["21K08242"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["21K08242"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Red complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) have high virulence in periodontal disease. In the present study, we aimed to elucidate the detailed symbiotic relationships between the red complex and other oral bacteria in older Japanese individuals. Polymerase chain reaction was performed using dental plaque from 116 subjects and specific primers for ten periodontal pathogens. The detection rate of Prevotella intermedia and Capnocytophaga sputigena was significantly higher in P. gingivalis-positive subjects than in P. gingivalis-negative subjects (p &lt; 0.05). The detection rate of Campylobacter rectus, Prevotella nigrescens, Capnocytophaga ochracea, and Eikenella corrodens was significantly higher in T. forsythia-positive subjects than in T. forsythia-negative subjects (p &lt; 0.01). In a comprehensive analysis of oral microbiomes, three red complex species-positive subjects had significantly higher \u03b1-diversity than only P. gingivalis-positive subjects (p &lt; 0.05) and had significantly lower \u03b2-diversity than only T. forsythia-positive subjects (p &lt; 0.01). In the taxonomy analysis, Porphyromonas was significantly higher in three red complex species-positive subjects than in only P. gingivalis-positive and only T. forsythia-positive subjects (p &lt; 0.01). These results suggest that each red complex species forms a unique oral microbiome and individuals positive for all red complex bacteria may harbor oral bacteria that confer a significant advantage in developing periodontal disease.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T08:06:32Z","timestamp":1731571592000},"page":"12243","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Relationship Between the Presence of Red Complex Species and the Distribution of Other Oral Bacteria, Including Major Periodontal Pathogens in Older Japanese Individuals"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Mariko","family":"Kametani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9201-6744","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yasuyuki","family":"Nagasawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Momoko","family":"Usuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ami","family":"Kaneki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Ogawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2852-5226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kensaku","family":"Shojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0523-3212","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiromitsu","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Medicine, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Tokumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya 663-8501, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiki","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kana","family":"Suehara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuto","family":"Suehiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Dentistry, The University of Osaka, Suita 565-0871, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatsuya","family":"Akitomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chieko","family":"Mitsuhata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0476-2550","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Taro","family":"Misaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu 430-8558, Japan"},{"name":"Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu 433-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seigo","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine, Japan Self-Defense Force Iruma Hospital, Iruma 358-0001, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuhei","family":"Naka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiyo","family":"Matsumoto-Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama 700-8558, Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiko","family":"Nakano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric 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