{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T11:50:05Z","timestamp":1785412205976,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation, Serbia","award":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-65\/2024-03\/200146"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The present research aimed to investigate the demineralizing effects of sulfuric acid on pig bone. Alterations in collagen and phosphate contents and changes in the elemental composition of the bone during the 14-day-long immersion in sulfuric acid solutions of different concentrations were estimated using ATR-FTIR, LIBS, and AAS. FTIR spectra at amide I (1800\u20131600 cm\u22121) and phosphate \u03bd1\/\u03bd3 (PO43\u2212) (1300\u2013900 cm\u22121) domains were scrutinized using the deconvolution method for monitoring changes in the protein secondary structure and mineral content. The results implicated sulfuric acid as a powerful demineralization agent and effective in targeting mineral components, such as hydroxyapatite, while leaving the collagen matrix relatively preserved with a complex secondary structure. Collagen maturity marker values gave valuable insights into the structural integrity of the bone. LIBS and AAS indicated changes in bone hardness; phosphorous-to-carbon ratio; and calcium, phosphorous, and magnesium content in the solutions left after the immersion period. The changes in the ratio of ionic-to-atomic calcium lines in the LIBS spectra indicated hardening of the bone, with increasing acid concentration and prolonged action, due to the deposition of calcium sulfate on the surface. The calcium concentration in the solutions decreased with increased acid concentration, while the change in phosphorus and magnesium concentrations was reversed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212250","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T09:14:31Z","timestamp":1731575671000},"page":"12250","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["From Structure to Strength: Analyzing the Impact of Sulfuric Acid on Pig Bone Demineralization Through FTIR, LIBS, and AAS"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7130-0623","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Milica","family":"Markovi\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miroslav","family":"Kuzmanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9769-1423","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dragan","family":"Rankovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vin\u010da Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovi\u0107a Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2443-376X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Danica","family":"Bajuk-Bogdanovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-1506-7578","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"\u0160aji\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8127-5396","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Du\u0161an","family":"Dimi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski Trg 12-16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pollard, A.M., Armitage, R.A., and Makarewicz, C.A. 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