{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T10:30:54Z","timestamp":1785148254098,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731542400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"CONACYT","award":["F0005-2020-01-313252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F0005-2020-01-313252"]}]},{"name":"Secretar\u00eda de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado","award":["F0005-2020-01-313252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F0005-2020-01-313252"]}]},{"name":"PDTIA","award":["F0005-2020-01-313252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["F0005-2020-01-313252"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2; over the course of the disease, a dysregulated immune response leads to excessive inflammation that damages lung parenchyma and compromises its function. One of the cell lineages classically associated with pathological inflammatory processes is mast cells (MCs). MCs and their mediators have been associated with COVID-19; we previously reported the role of carboxypeptidase A3 (CPA3) in severe COVID-19. However, sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection have been poorly studied. In patients who successfully resolve the infection, one of the reported sequelae is pulmonary fibrosis (PF). The etiology and exact mechanisms are unknown, and few studies exist. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate whether MCs are associated with PF development after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our findings demonstrate that during severe cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection, there is an increased amount of CPA3+ MCs in areas with pneumonia, around thrombotic blood vessels, and in fibrotic tissue. Moreover, higher numbers of CPA3-expressing MCs correlate with fibrotic tissue development (r = 0.8323; p = 0.001170). These results suggest that during COVID-19, exacerbated inflammation favors the recruitment or expansion of MCs and CPA3 expression in the lungs, which favors tissue damage and a failure of repair mechanisms, leading to fibrosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212258","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T10:47:53Z","timestamp":1731581273000},"page":"12258","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mast Cell Carboxypeptidase A3 Is Associated with Pulmonary Fibrosis Secondary to COVID-19"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yatsiri G.","family":"Meneses-Preza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City 11350, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0507-070X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ricardo","family":"Mart\u00ednez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City 11350, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia","family":"Meixueiro-Calder\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda, Centro M\u00e9dico Naval, Mexico City 04470, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulises Manuel","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Patolog\u00eda, Centro M\u00e9dico Naval, Mexico City 04470, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth 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Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2818-8522","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonia M.","family":"P\u00e9rez-Tapia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Inmunolog\u00eda, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City 11350, Mexico"},{"name":"Unidad de Desarrollo e Investigaci\u00f3n en Bioterap\u00e9uticos (UDIBI), Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Instituto Polit\u00e9cnico Nacional, ENCB-IPN, Mexico City 11340, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4201-5935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alma D.","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Ciencia B\u00e1sica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerolog\u00eda (INCan, SS), Mexico City 14080, 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