{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T10:53:03Z","timestamp":1789987983282,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":330,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) is a global health concern and the leading cause of dementia in the elderly. The prevalence of this neurodegenerative condition is projected to increase concomitantly with increased life expectancy, resulting in a significant economic burden. With very few FDA-approved disease-modifying drugs available for AD, there is an urgent need to develop new compounds capable of impeding the progression of the disease. Given the unclear etiopathogenesis of AD, this review emphasizes the underlying mechanisms of this condition. It explores not only well-studied aspects, such as the accumulation of A\u03b2 plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, but also novel areas, including glymphatic and lymphatic pathways, microbiota and the gut\u2013brain axis, serotoninergic and autophagy alterations, vascular dysfunction, the metal hypothesis, the olfactory pathway, and oral health. Furthermore, the potential molecular targets arising from all these mechanisms have been reviewed, along with novel promising approaches such as nanoparticle-based therapy, neural stem cell transplantation, vaccines, and CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing techniques. Taking into account the overlap of these various mechanisms, individual and combination therapies emerge as the future direction in the AD strategy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212311","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1731902829000},"page":"12311","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["From Fundamentals to Innovation in Alzheimer\u2019s Disease: Molecular Findings and Revolutionary Therapies"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"M\u0103d\u0103lina Georgeta","family":"Sighencea","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Doctoral School, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ramona \u0218tefania","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9340-4669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Simona Corina","family":"Trifu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, \u201cCarol Davila\u201d University of Medicine and Pharmacy Bucharest, 020021 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1591","DOI":"10.1002\/wsbm.1591","article-title":"Beyond the classical amyloid hypothesis in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Molecular insights into current concepts of pathogenesis, therapeutic targets, and study models","volume":"15","author":"Theerasri","year":"2023","journal-title":"WIREs Mech. 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