{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T20:46:54Z","timestamp":1787863614323,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]],"date-time":"2024-11-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731715200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korean government (MSIT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022R1A2C1092168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C1092168"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korean government (MSIT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00243363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00243363"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korean government (MSIT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2023-00218419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00218419"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korean government (MSIT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2024-00335030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00335030"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korean government (MSIT)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RS-2020-KH093754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2020-KH093754"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["2022R1A2C1092168"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022R1A2C1092168"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2023-00243363"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00243363"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2023-00218419"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2023-00218419"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2024-00335030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2024-00335030"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health &amp; Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["RS-2020-KH093754"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RS-2020-KH093754"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Postmenopausal osteoporosis is a major global health concern, particularly affecting aging women, and necessitates innovative treatment options. Herbal medicine, with its multi-compound, multi-target characteristics, offers a promising approach for complex diseases. In this study, we applied multiscale network and random walk-based analyses to identify candidate herbs and their active ingredients for postmenopausal osteoporosis, focusing on their underlying mechanisms. A dataset of medicinal herbs, their active ingredients, and protein targets was compiled, and diffusion profiles were calculated to assess the propagation effects. Through correlation analysis, we prioritized herbs based on their relevance to osteoporosis, identifying the top candidates like Benincasae Semen, Glehniae Radix, Corydalis Tuber, and Houttuyniae Herba. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) revealed that the 49 core protein targets of these herbs were significantly associated with pathways related to inflammation, osteoclast differentiation, and estrogen metabolism. Notably, compounds such as falcarindiol from Glehniae Radix and tetrahydrocoptisine from Corydalis Tuber\u2014previously unstudied for osteoporosis\u2014were predicted to interact with inflammation-related proteins, including IL6, IL1B, and TNF, affecting key biological processes like apoptosis and cell proliferation. This study advances the understanding of herbal therapies for osteoporosis and offers a framework for discovering novel therapeutic agents.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212322","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,18]],"date-time":"2024-11-18T04:07:09Z","timestamp":1731902829000},"page":"12322","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Identifying Herbal Candidates and Active Ingredients Against Postmenopausal Osteoporosis Using Biased Random Walk on a Multiscale Network"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6054-7679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Boyun","family":"Jang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IntegroMediLab Co., Ltd., Seoul 04626, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Youngsoo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IntegroMediLab Co., Ltd., Seoul 04626, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3587-9276","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jungbin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Herbal Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3323-7106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young-Woo","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Korean Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Yung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Research Center of Traditional Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1186\/s13018-021-02772-0","article-title":"The global prevalence of osteoporosis in the world: A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"16","author":"Salari","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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