{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T13:53:55Z","timestamp":1775742835397,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":124,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Israel Innovation Authority"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Parkinson\u2019s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative condition for which there are symptomatic treatments but no disease-modifying therapies (DMTs). Extensive research over the years has highlighted the need for a multi-target DMT approach in PD that recognizes the various risk factors and their intricate interplay in contributing to PD-related neurodegeneration. Widespread risk factors, such as emotional stress and metabolic factors, have increasingly become focal points of exploration. Our review aims to summarize interactions between emotional stress and selected key players in metabolism, such as insulin, as potential mechanisms underlying neurodegeneration in PD.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T04:53:05Z","timestamp":1731991985000},"page":"12409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The Interplay of Stress, Inflammation, and Metabolic Factors in the Course of Parkinson\u2019s Disease"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Tal","family":"Ben Shaul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Center, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Frenkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology, School of Neurobiology, Biochemistry and Biophysics, Tel Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2092-9848","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanya","family":"Gurevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Movement Disorders Center, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv 6423906, Israel"},{"name":"School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"},{"name":"Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61393-3","article-title":"Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"386","author":"Kalia","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1038\/s41531-024-00666-6","article-title":"Tackling vascular risk factors as a possible disease modifying intervention in Parkinson\u2019s disease","volume":"10","author":"Visser","year":"2024","journal-title":"NPJ Park. 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