{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:07:05Z","timestamp":1792789625075,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"FONDEC-UAQ","award":["FIN-2022-14"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FIN-2022-14"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Magnesium-doped hydroxyapatite (HAp-Mg) nanofibers show promise for medical applications due to their structural similarity to bone minerals and enhanced biological properties, such as improved biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity. This study synthesized HAp-Mg nanofibers using a microwave-assisted hydrothermal method (MAHM) to evaluate their cytotoxicity, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial efficacy compared to commercial hydroxyapatite (HAp). Characterization through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the successful incorporation of magnesium, producing high-purity, crystalline nanofibers with hexagonal morphology. Rietveld refinement showed slight lattice parameter shortening, indicating Mg2+ ion integration. Cell viability assays (MTT and AlamarBlue) revealed a significant increase in fibroblast proliferation with 2% and 5% HAp-Mg concentrations compared to controls (p &lt; 0.05), demonstrating non-cytotoxicity and enhanced biocompatibility. Antimicrobial tests (disk diffusion method, 100 \u00b5g\/mL) showed that HAp-Mg had strong antibacterial effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and moderate antifungal activity against Candida albicans. In contrast, commercial HAp showed no antimicrobial effects. These results suggest HAp-Mg nanofibers have significant advantages as biomaterials for medical applications, particularly in preventing implant-related infections and supporting further clinical development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212418","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T07:51:15Z","timestamp":1732002675000},"page":"12418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Magnesium-Doped Hydroxyapatite Nanofibers for Medicine Applications: Characterization, Antimicrobial Activity, and Cytotoxicity Study"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ricardo Pascual","family":"Alanis-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2287-7041","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiola","family":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Rosas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Divisi\u00f3n de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad An\u00e1huac Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76246, Mexico"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad An\u00e1huac Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76246, Mexico"},{"name":"Facultad de Qu\u00edmica, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan David","family":"Olivares-Hern\u00e1ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Escuela de Terapia F\u00edsica, Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Santa Rosa J\u00e1uregui, Quer\u00e9taro 76220, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1413-9065","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric Mauricio","family":"Rivera-Mu\u00f1oz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de F\u00edsica Aplicada y Tecnolog\u00eda Avanzada, Universidad Nacional Aut\u00f3noma de M\u00e9xico, A.P.1-1010, Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1421-837X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Araceli","family":"Zapatero-Guti\u00e9rrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n, Universidad An\u00e1huac Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76246, Mexico"},{"name":"Ingenier\u00eda Mec\u00e1nica para la Innovaci\u00f3n, Divisi\u00f3n de Ingenier\u00edas, Universidad An\u00e1huac Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76246, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5622-9283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"N\u00e9stor","family":"M\u00e9ndez-Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departamento de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad del Valle de M\u00e9xico, Campus Quer\u00e9taro. 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Santa Rosa J\u00e1uregui, Quer\u00e9taro 76230, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Rafael","family":"Alanis-G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Mexico"},{"name":"Escuela de Ingenier\u00eda Biom\u00e9dica, Divisi\u00f3n de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad An\u00e1huac Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76246, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3318-9471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rodrigo","family":"Vel\u00e1zquez-Castillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Divisi\u00f3n de Investigaci\u00f3n y Posgrado, Facultad de Ingenier\u00eda, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Quer\u00e9taro, Quer\u00e9taro 76010, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1007\/s42247-019-00063-3","article-title":"Bone Regeneration with Hydroxyapatite-Based Biomaterials","volume":"3","author":"Bal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emergent Mater."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kazimierczak, P., and Przekora, A. 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