{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,25]],"date-time":"2026-04-25T02:32:59Z","timestamp":1777084379435,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1731974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","award":["2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2096"]}]},{"name":"Stollery Children\u2019s Hospital Foundation","award":["2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2096"]}]},{"name":"Hubei Province Natural Science Funding for Hubei University of Technology","award":["2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2096"]}]},{"name":"\u00d6sterreichische Krebshilfe Tyrol (Krebsgesellschaft Tirol, the Austrian Tyrolean Cancer Research Institute, and the Austrian Research Fund)","award":["2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2096"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Foundation for Women\u2019s Health","award":["2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2096"]}]},{"name":"Cancer Research Society","award":["2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2096"]}]},{"name":"Canadian Institutes of Health Research","award":["2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2096"]}]},{"name":"Saudi Cultural Bureau","award":["2096"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2096"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extrarenal teratoid Wilms\u2019 tumor (TWT) is a variant of Wilms\u2019 tumor with fewer than 30 cases reported in the literature. It comprises more than 50% heterologous tissue and presents a significant diagnostic challenge due to its complex histology. We report an unusual case of mediastinal teratoma with nephroblastomatous elements in an 8-year-old female. The patient presented with respiratory distress, fever, weight loss, and a large anterior mediastinal mass. Imaging revealed a heterogeneous tumor containing fat, fluid, and calcification, suggestive of a teratoma. Surgical resection confirmed a mature cystic teratoma with foci of nephroblastoma. Pathological analysis demonstrated a mixture of ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal tissues alongside nephroblastomatous components. Immunohistochemistry was positive for Wilms Tumor 1 and other relevant markers, confirming the diagnosis. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course and was discharged after three days. This case adds to the growing body of research on extrarenal TWT, particularly its occurrence in the mediastinum, a rare site for such tumors. A literature review highlighted that extrarenal TWT often affects children, typically presenting in the retroperitoneum or sacrococcygeal regions, with varying recurrence rates and long-term outcomes. This case underscores the importance of histopathological and immunohistochemical analysis in diagnosing TWT and differentiating it from other mediastinal tumors to ensure appropriate treatment planning, emphasizing the need for long-term follow-up due to the potential for recurrence or metastasis. This paper also provides an in-depth look at nephron development and nephrogenic rests, highlighting the structural and functional aspects of nephrogenesis and the factors that disrupt it in fetal kidneys.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252212427","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]],"date-time":"2024-11-19T09:30:25Z","timestamp":1732008625000},"page":"12427","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Mediastinal Teratoma with Nephroblastomatous Elements: Case Report, Literature Review, and Comparison with Maturing Fetal Glomerulogenic Zone\/Definitive Zone Ratio and Nephrogenic Rests"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Bader","family":"Alfawaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khaldoun","family":"Koujok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1344-7640","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gilgamesh","family":"Eamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2779-7879","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Consolato M.","family":"Sergi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Children\u2019s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2013.04.021","article-title":"Extrarenal Wilms tumor: A case report and review of the literature","volume":"48","author":"Rojas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. 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