{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,4]],"date-time":"2026-07-04T03:27:09Z","timestamp":1783135629512,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science Centre","award":["MINIATURA5 DEC-2021\/05\/X\/NZ5\/00611"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MINIATURA5 DEC-2021\/05\/X\/NZ5\/00611"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced by the fermentation of undigested polysaccharides; they are a group of metabolites resulting from the activity of intestinal bacteria. The main SCFAs are acetic, butyric, propionic, valeric, and caproic acid, and their levels and proportions depend on various factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the concentration of SCFAs and the occurrence of specific gastrointestinal symptoms in infants. This study was conducted using faecal samples obtained at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of age. The SCFA content was measured using gas chromatography. At 1 month, an association was found between butyric acid and flatulence. At 3 months, an association was found between butyric acid and flatulence\/gas and between 3,4-methylovaleric acid and mucus in the stool. At 6 months, an association was found between butyric and valeric acids and flatulence. By 12 months, the gastrointestinal symptoms had decreased significantly. This study confirms that there is an association between SCFA levels and the presence of bloating, gas, mucus in the stool, and constipation in the gastrointestinal tract. Higher levels of butyric and valeric acids may lead to an increase in troublesome symptoms, such as flatulence and gas, in the first few months of life but are not associated with the occurrence of intestinal colic. The level of 3,4-methylovaleric acid is associated with the presence of allergies, whereas a decrease in acetic acid and an increase in isovaleric acid may exacerbate defecation problems in infants.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312487","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T04:46:11Z","timestamp":1732164371000},"page":"12487","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The Association of Short-Chain Fatty Acids with the Occurrence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Infants"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9808-0624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ma\u0142gorzata","family":"Szczuko","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"},{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Bromatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gabriela","family":"Duliban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5816-2040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arleta","family":"Drozd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Sochaczewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-009 Police, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4835-8517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kamila","family":"Pokorska-Niewiada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Toxicology, Dairy Technology and Food Storage, West Pomeranian University of Technology in Szczecin, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7729-0670","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maciej","family":"Zi\u0119tek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Perinatology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 72-009 Police, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.5604\/01.3001.0011.6468","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids (SCFA), the products of gut bacteria metabolism and their role in the host","volume":"72","author":"Czajkowska","year":"2018","journal-title":"Postepy Hig. 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