{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T10:56:34Z","timestamp":1788519394969,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732147200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA","award":["CARS-34-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CARS-34-07"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The spotted alfalfa aphid (Therioaphis trifolii) is a kind of destructive pest of cultivated alfalfa (Medicago sativa) that results in significant financial losses for the livestock sector. To understand how T. trifolii navigates the biochemical defenses of its host, we investigated the effects of susceptible and resistant aphid strains on two alfalfa cultivars. T. trifolii was reared for over 50 generations on two cultivars\u2014WL343, which is susceptible to T. trifolii, and Zhongmu No. 1, which is resistant\u2014resulting in the development of a resistant aphid strain (R-aphid) and a susceptible aphid strain (S-aphid). The results showed that the survival rate of R-aphids was significantly higher than that of S-aphids (p = 0.039) on the resistant cultivar Zhongmu No. 1, while there was no significant difference in survival rates between the two aphid strains on WL343 (p = 0.139). This suggests that S- and R-aphids differ in their ability to modulate plant defense mechanisms, influencing their survival rates. The application of saliva from R-aphids reared on Zhongmu No. 1 (R-saliva) reduced the repellency and toxicity of treated plants, improving aphid survival. Furthermore, R-aphid infestation and R-saliva application activated the salicylic acid (SA) signaling pathway while suppressing the jasmonic acid (JA) pathway, enhancing the host plant\u2019s suitability for aphid colonization. We propose that R-aphids may use their saliva to activate the SA pathway, which in turn inhibits JA synthesis, weakening the plant\u2019s defenses. These findings provide valuable insights into how T. trifolii interacts with host plant defense systems.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312488","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]],"date-time":"2024-11-21T04:46:11Z","timestamp":1732164371000},"page":"12488","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Saliva of Therioaphis trifolii (Drepanosiphidae) Activates the SA Plant Hormone Pathway, Inhibits the JA Plant Hormone Pathway, and Improves Aphid Survival Rate"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Kaihui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2434-3054","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Neng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daogang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ni","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0084-8699","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui","family":"Dong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Economical and Applied Entomology of Liaoning Province, College of Plant Protection, Shenyang Agriculture University, Shenyang 110866, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0648-8954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zehua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0676-8777","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xiongbing","family":"Tu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1038\/s41580-022-00499-2","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species signalling in plant stress responses","volume":"23","author":"Mittler","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat. 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