{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T23:57:24Z","timestamp":1790985444748,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":130,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]],"date-time":"2024-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mast cells are immune system cells with the most disparate functions, but are also among the least understood. Mast cells are implicated in several known pathological processes, tissue homeostasis, and wound repair. However, they owe their notoriety to allergic diseases, of which they represent the effector cell par excellence. In both allergic and not upper airway pathologies, mast cells play a key role. Exploring the mechanisms through which these cells carry out their physiological and pathological function may help us give a new perspective on existing therapies and identify new ones. A focus will be placed on non-allergic rhinitis, a poorly recognized and often neglected condition with complex management, where the role of the mast cell is crucial in the pathogenetic, clinical, and prognostic aspects.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312615","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T03:59:01Z","timestamp":1732507141000},"page":"12615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Mast Cells in Allergic and Non-Allergic Upper Airways Diseases: Sentinel in the Watchtower"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-3267-0140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Costanzo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Marchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-5456-2359","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrea Giovanni","family":"Ledda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Monserrato, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giada","family":"Sambugaro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Monserrato, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Bullita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Monserrato, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3953-9225","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giovanni","family":"Paoletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0492-5663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enrico","family":"Heffler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Personalized Medicine, Asthma and Allergy, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, 20089 Rozzano, Italy"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20072 Pieve Emanuele, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5768-391X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Davide","family":"Firinu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Monserrato, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2269-0439","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Giulia Anna Maria Luigia","family":"Costanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Monserrato, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-08-009054-2.50006-7","article-title":"Beitr\u00e4ge zur Theorie und Praxis der histologischen F\u00e4rbung","volume":"4","author":"Ehrlich","year":"2013","journal-title":"Collect. 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