{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:37:09Z","timestamp":1760146629832,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]],"date-time":"2024-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732406400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Croatian Science Foundation","award":["IP-2022-10-8720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2022-10-8720"]}]},{"name":"Institutional Grant of the University of Zadar","award":["IP-2022-10-8720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IP-2022-10-8720"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Long-term use of topical prostaglandins might initiate chronic conjunctival inflammation, leading to poor outcomes of glaucoma surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immunoexpression pattern of HSP70, CTGF, SNAIL, aSMA, cMYB, and HIFa in the conjunctiva, episclera, and deep sclera in patients with glaucoma undergoing deep sclerectomy in order to establish an association between staining intensities and prostaglandin F2 (PGF2) treatment. Double immunofluorescence (HSP70, CTGF, SNAIL, aSMA, cMYB, and HIFa) was performed on conjunctiva, episclera, and deep sclera samples, which were obtained from 23 patients treated with PGF2 and 8 patients without PGF2 treatment. When comparing the ocular tissues of patients regarding treatment with PGF2 analogs, we found a significant increase in the immunoexpression of HSP70 in the conjunctival epithelium of patients treated with PGF2 analogs compared to those without PGF2 treatment. These patients also had an increase in SNAIL immunoexpression and a decrease in aSMA immunoexpression in the deep sclera. There were no significant differences in HIFa, CTGF, or cMYB immunoexpression levels between the two groups. Further research into the regulation of these factors in ocular tissues could lead to the development of potential novel therapeutic approaches in glaucoma management.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312618","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T03:59:01Z","timestamp":1732507141000},"page":"12618","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Effect of Prostaglandin F2 Analog Treatment on the Immunoexpression of Fibrosis-Associated Factors in Patients with Glaucoma Undergoing Deep Sclerotomy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Robert","family":"Stani\u0107","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital in Split, \u0160oltanska 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2182-2890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarina","family":"Vukojevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, \u0160oltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8943-4109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalija","family":"Filipovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, \u0160oltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3681-8499","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Benjamin","family":"Benzon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, \u0160oltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3801-1026","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marin","family":"Ogorevc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Split School of Medicine, \u0160oltanska 2, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nenad","family":"Kunac","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Cytology, University Hospital in Split, Spin\u010di\u0107eva 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Samir","family":"\u010canovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophtalmology, General Hospital Zadar, Ul. Bo\u017ee Peri\u010di\u0107a 5, 23000 Zadar, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Petra","family":"Kova\u010devi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Ki\u0161pati\u0107eva 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0735-5598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martina","family":"Parad\u017eik \u0160imunovi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital in Split, \u0160oltanska 1, 21000 Split, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3979-6790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Suzana","family":"Konjevoda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophtalmology, General Hospital Zadar, Ul. Bo\u017ee Peri\u010di\u0107a 5, 23000 Zadar, Croatia"},{"name":"Department of Health Studies, University of Zadar, Ulica Mihovila Pavlinovica 1, 23000 Zadar, Croatia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.2005.081224","article-title":"The number of people with glaucoma worldwide in 2010 and 2020","volume":"90","author":"Quigley","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br. J. 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