{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,11]],"date-time":"2025-10-11T01:37:07Z","timestamp":1760146627436,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>V-type nerve agents are exceedingly toxic chemical warfare agents that irreversibly inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE), leading to acetylcholine accumulation in synapses and the disruption of neurotransmission. VG or O.O-diethyl S-(diethylamino)ethyl phosphorothiolate was the first compound of this class that was synthesized. The selenocholines (-Se-), cholines (-O-), and methylene-cholines (-CH2-) analogs of V-agents have been synthesized and their anti-AChE activities reported. Nevertheless, the aminocholine derivatives have not been pursued. Here, we have designed and synthesized a series of phosphorylated aminocholines analogs of VG that were characterized by NMR spectroscopy (H1, C13, P31, and TOCSY). Their pharmacological properties were analyzed in silico, while their toxicological properties were in vitro investigated using the SH-SY5Y cellular model. Despite the drug likeness of the new compounds, these fail to inhibit AChE in vitro and in cellulo. This may be partially explained by the fact that aminocholine is not a good leaving group compared to thiocholine. Remarkably, one of the compounds (P4) was found to even increase the activity of AChE. These compounds may serve as new nerve agent mimics that are safer alternatives for testing countermeasures. Importantly, P4 may act as a lead compound for developing a new class of alternative nerve agent pretreatments that are safer from pyridostigmine.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312656","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T09:59:34Z","timestamp":1732528774000},"page":"12656","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Chemical, In Cellulo, and In Silico Characterization of the Aminocholine Analogs of VG"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Stavroula","family":"Kostoudi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"},{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6838-1127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nikolaos","family":"Iatridis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1844-350X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dimitra","family":"Hadjipavlou-Litina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0099-5653","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eleni","family":"Pontiki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2119-4292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Georgios","family":"Pampalakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pampalakis, G., and Kostoudi, S. 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