{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,2]],"date-time":"2026-11-02T08:48:52Z","timestamp":1793609332605,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Initial Scientific Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","award":["NDYB2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDYB2022-4"]}]},{"name":"Initial Scientific Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","award":["NDYB2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDYB2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Initial Scientific Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","award":["SYKJYB202302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYKJYB202302"]}]},{"name":"Initial Scientific Research Foundation of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University","award":["32160856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160856"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Project of the College of Veterinary Medicine","award":["NDYB2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDYB2022-4"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Project of the College of Veterinary Medicine","award":["NDYB2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDYB2022-7"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Project of the College of Veterinary Medicine","award":["SYKJYB202302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYKJYB202302"]}]},{"name":"Discipline Project of the College of Veterinary Medicine","award":["32160856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160856"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NDYB2022-4"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDYB2022-4"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NDYB2022-7"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NDYB2022-7"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SYKJYB202302"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SYKJYB202302"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32160856"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32160856"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>In pediatric and intensive care units, propofol is widely used for general anesthesia and sedation procedures as a short-acting anesthetic. Multiple studies have revealed that propofol causes hippocampal injury and cognitive dysfunction in developing animals. As is known, GM1, a type of ganglioside, plays a crucial role in promoting nervous system development. Consequently, this study explored whether GM1 mitigated neurological injury caused by propofol during developmental stages and investigated its underlying mechanisms. Seven-day-old SD rats or PC12 cells were used in this study for histopathological analyses, a Morris water maze test, a lactate dehydrogenase release assay, Western blotting, and an ELISA. Furthermore, LY294002 was employed to explore the potential neuroprotective effect of GM1 via the PI3K\/AKT signaling cascade. The results indicated that GM1 exerted a protective effect against hippocampal morphological damage and pyroptosis as well as behavioral abnormalities following propofol exposure by increasing p-PI3K and p-AKT expression while decreasing p-p65 expression in developing rats. Nevertheless, the inhibitor LY294002, which targets the PI3K\/AKT cascade, attenuated the beneficial effects of GM1. Our study provides evidence that GM1 confers neuroprotection and attenuates propofol-induced developmental neurotoxicity, potentially involving the PI3K\/AKT\/NF-\u03baB signaling cascade.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312662","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]],"date-time":"2024-11-25T11:25:33Z","timestamp":1732533933000},"page":"12662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Ganglioside GM1 Alleviates Propofol-Induced Pyroptosis in the Hippocampus of Developing Rats via the PI3K\/AKT\/NF-\u03baB Signaling Cascade"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9838-4350","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinzhang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Di","family":"Qiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Bai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"},{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruifeng","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"},{"name":"Key Laboratory of Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment Techniques for Animal Disease, Ministry of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4974","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.16422","article-title":"Edaravone alleviated propofol-induced neural injury in developing rats by BDNF\/TrkB pathway","volume":"25","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. 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