{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T02:01:02Z","timestamp":1791943262990,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":138,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016047","name":"Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6056979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6056979"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016047","name":"Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200043"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016047","name":"Science Fund of the Republic of Serbia","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["891135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["891135"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016047","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia","award":["6056979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6056979"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200043"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia","award":["891135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["891135"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["6056979"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6056979"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200043"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["451-03-66\/2024-03\/200043"]}]},{"name":"European Union\u2019s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program","award":["891135"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["891135"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most deadly malignancies with an increasing incidence rate and limited therapeutic options. Biological sex has an impact on many aspects of PDAC development and response to therapy, yet it is highly unappreciated in both basic and translational research, and worryingly in PDAC clinical trials. In this review, we summarize how biological sex influences PDAC incidence and mortality, genetic and epigenetic landscapes, anti-tumor immunity, responses to hormones, cachexia, and the efficacy of therapy. We highlight the importance of sex as a variable and discuss how to implement it into preclinical and clinical research. These considerations should be of use to researchers aiming at improving understanding of PDAC biology and developing precision medicine therapeutic strategies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312669","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T04:02:18Z","timestamp":1732593738000},"page":"12669","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Sex-Related Differences in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Progression and Response to Therapy"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1430-8682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jelena","family":"Grahovac","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Oncology Department, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4440-9890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"\u0110uri\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Oncology Department, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3102-776X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miljana","family":"Tani\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Oncology Department, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Krivoku\u0107a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental Oncology Department, Institute for Oncology and Radiology of Serbia, Pasterova 14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1097\/CJI.0b013e3181eec14c","article-title":"Phase 2 trial of single agent Ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) for locally advanced or metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma","volume":"33","author":"Royal","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. 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