{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,9]],"date-time":"2026-04-09T21:28:04Z","timestamp":1775770084204,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012190","name":"Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FGWS-2022-0002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FGWS-2022-0002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012190","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The noble gas argon is one of the most promising neuroprotective agents for hypoxic-reperfusion injuries of the brain. However, its effect on traumatic injuries has been insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of the triple inhalation of the argon-oxygen mixture Ar 70%\/O2 30% on physical and neurological recovery and the degree of brain damage after traumatic brain injury and to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect. The experiments were performed in male Wistar rats. A controlled brain injury model was used to investigate the effects of argon treatment and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The results of the study showed that animals with craniocerebral injuries that were treated with argon inhalation exhibited better physical recovery rates, better neurological status, and less brain damage. Argon treatment significantly reduced the expression of the proinflammatory markers TNF\u03b1 and CD68 caused by TBI, increased the expression of phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAKT), and promoted the expression of the transcription factor Nrf2 in intact animals. Treatment with an argon-oxygen breathing mixture after traumatic brain injury has a neuroprotective effect by suppressing the inflammatory response and activating the antioxidant and anti-ischemic system.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T04:02:18Z","timestamp":1732593738000},"page":"12673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Positive Effects of Argon Inhalation After Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0819-7886","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktoriya V.","family":"Antonova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0581-9755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Denis N.","family":"Silachev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2838-3704","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Egor Y.","family":"Plotnikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5048-1234","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina B.","family":"Pevzner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5010-3919","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail E.","family":"Ivanov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ekaterina A.","family":"Boeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7017-7897","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergey N.","family":"Kalabushev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia"},{"name":"A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119992, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3792-1682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mikhail Ya.","family":"Yadgarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rostislav A.","family":"Cherpakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Oleg A.","family":"Grebenchikov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5930-0118","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Artem N.","family":"Kuzovlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, Moscow 107031, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2020.09.028","article-title":"Argon: A Noble, but Not Inert, Treatment for Brain Trauma?","volume":"126","author":"Edge","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br. 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