{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,8]],"date-time":"2026-07-08T05:24:22Z","timestamp":1783488262947,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009687","name":"Wroclaw Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["SUBK.D230.24.039"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBK.D230.24.039"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009687","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The growing antibiotic resistance of microorganisms causing postoperative infections following orthopedic surgeries underscores the urgent need for localized antiseptic and lavage delivery systems to enhance infection control. This study evaluates the in vitro effectiveness of antiseptic and lavage solutions\u2014including polyhexanide, povidone\u2013iodine, low-concentrated hypochlorite, Ringer\u2019s solution, and saline\u2014against Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, Cutibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium amycolatum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans. Using microplate models (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, Minimum Biofilm Eradication Concentration, and Biofilm-Oriented Antiseptic Test assays), flow-based models (Bioflux system), and surfaces relevant to orthopedic implants (e.g., stainless steel disks\/screws, Co-Cr-Mo, Ti-Al-Nb orthopedic alloys, and ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene), as well as a bio-nano-cellulose scaffold representing tissue, we assessed the solutions\u2019 activity. The cytotoxicity of the solutions was evaluated using osteoblast and keratinocyte cell lines, with additional in vivo insights gained through the Galleria mellonella larval model. The results show that polyhexanide-based solutions outperformed povidone\u2013iodine in biofilm eradication in most tests applied, particularly on complex surfaces, whereas iodine demonstrated higher cytotoxicity in applied in vitro and in vivo tests. Low-concentration hypochlorite solutions exhibited minimal antibiofilm activity but also showed no cytotoxicity in cell line and G. mellonella larval models. These findings highlight the importance of careful antiseptic selection and rinsing protocols to balance infection control efficacy with tissue compatibility in orthopedic applications.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312720","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T04:20:12Z","timestamp":1732681212000},"page":"12720","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["In Vitro and In Vivo Translational Insights into the Intraoperative Use of Antiseptics and Lavage Solutions Against Microorganisms Causing Orthopedic Infections"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Bart\u0142omiej","family":"Dudek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cP.U.M.A.\u201d, Platform for Unique Model Application, Department of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-534 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9520-3377","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malwina","family":"Bro\u017cyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cP.U.M.A.\u201d, Platform for Unique Model Application, Department of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-534 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3961-1517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"Karoluk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Laser Technologies, Automation and Production Organization, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Ignacego \u0141ukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8270-5474","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariusz","family":"Frankiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Laser Technologies, Automation and Production Organization, Wroc\u0142aw University of Science and Technology, Ignacego \u0141ukasiewicza 5, 50-371 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2615-9760","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pawe\u0142","family":"Migda\u0142","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bees Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Breeding, Faculty of Biology and Animal Science, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Che\u0142mo\u0144skiego 38C, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2855-852X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Konrad","family":"Szustakiewicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Polymer Engineering and Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3206-811X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomasz","family":"Matys","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department and Clinic of Angiology and Internal Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1433-3634","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adrian","family":"Wiater","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Industrial and Environmental Microbiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Sk\u0142odowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7559-8903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Junka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"\u201cP.U.M.A.\u201d, Platform for Unique Model Application, Department of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-534 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"GBD 2021 Antimicrobial Resistance Collaborators (2024). 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