{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,18]],"date-time":"2026-06-18T15:34:37Z","timestamp":1781796877212,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"MD-PhD\/Medical Scientist Training Program through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI)","award":["10078367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10078367"]}]},{"name":"Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea","award":["10078367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10078367"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003052","name":"Technology Innovation Program","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["10078367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10078367"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy, the Republic of Korea","award":["10078367"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["10078367"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>An ischemic cerebral stroke results from the interruption of blood flow to the brain, triggering rapid and complex cascades of excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Current reperfusion therapies, including intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy, cause further brain injury due to reperfusion-induced cytotoxicity. To date, novel cytoprotective therapies that could address these challenges have yet to be developed, likely due to the limitations of targeting a single pathologic mechanism. To address these unmet clinical needs, we investigated a synthetic verbenone derivative, SP-8356, as a potential multi-target cytoprotective agent for acute ischemic strokes. In transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) rats, SP-8356 significantly reduced brain infarct and edema volumes while improving acute neurological deficits in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, SP-8356 improved long-term outcomes, particularly by reducing mortality. These potent cytoprotective effects of SP-8356 were achieved by suppressing the excessive production of free radicals and pro-inflammatory cytokines, reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells, and mitigating increases in blood\u2013brain barrier permeability. Additional research is needed to determine whether co-administration of SP-8356 can extend the therapeutic time window of reperfusion therapies by mitigating ischemia\/reperfusion injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312769","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T11:26:08Z","timestamp":1732706768000},"page":"12769","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Therapeutic Effects of SP-8356, a Verbenone Derivative, with Multimodal Cytoprotective Mechanisms in an Ischemic Stroke Rat Model"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Hwa Young","family":"Song","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Central Research Institute, Shin Poong Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Ansan 15610, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4002-5520","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sejong","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Ansan Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Ansan 15355, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3044-2673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sekwang","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela Melinda Anthony","family":"Jalin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kyung-Hye","family":"Roh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute, Shin Poong Pharmaceutical Company, Ltd., Ansan 15610, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Won-Ki","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neuroscience, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e347","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0000000000001209","article-title":"2024 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association","volume":"149","author":"Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1654","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004597","article-title":"Management of Acute Ischemic Stroke","volume":"48","author":"Herpich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit. 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