{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,29]],"date-time":"2026-08-29T07:09:16Z","timestamp":1787987356217,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732838400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010387","name":"Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences and the Department of Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Sciences, Campus Navojoa, the University of Sonora","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["USO513008508"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["USO513008508"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010387","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) proteins are potential sources of bioactive peptides (LBPs) that can inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) and angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE-I) activity. However, the capacity of different enzymes to release LBPs, the pharmacokinetic and bioactivities of the peptides released, and their binding affinities with the active sites of DPP-IV and ECA-I are topics scarcely addressed. Therefore, we used in silico hydrolysis (BIOPEP-UWM platform) with various enzymes to predict the release of LBPs. Among the bioactive peptides identified in lupin proteins (n = 4813), 2062 and 1558 had DPP-IV and ACE-I inhibitory activity, respectively. Ficin, bromelain, and papain released the highest proportion of ACE-I (n = 433, 411, and 379, respectively) and DPP-IV (n = 556, 544, and 596, respectively) inhibitory peptides. LBPs with favorable pharmacokinetics and gastrointestinal stability tightly interacted with the active sites of ACE-I (\u20135.6 to \u20138.9 kcal\/mol) and DPP-IV (\u20135.4 to \u20137.6 kcal\/mol). Papain generated the most bioavailable LBPs (n = 459) with ACE-I (n = 223) and DPP-IV (n = 412) inhibitory activity. These peptides were non-toxic and gastrointestinal digestion stable. Notably, papain-based hydrolysis released some LBPs (n = 270) that inhibited both ACE-I and DPP-IV. Plant protease-based hydrolysis is a promising approach for producing lupin hydrolysates with ACE-I and DPP-IV inhibitory activities.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312866","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]],"date-time":"2024-11-29T08:24:14Z","timestamp":1732868654000},"page":"12866","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["In Silico Hydrolysis of Lupin (Lupinus\u00a0angustifolius L.) Conglutins with Plant Proteases Releases Antihypertensive and Antidiabetic Peptides That Are Bioavailable, Non-Toxic, and Gastrointestinal Digestion Stable"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6977-5651","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas Gilberto","family":"Ar\u00e1mburo-G\u00e1lvez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition and Gastronomy Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ra\u00fal","family":"Tinoco-Narez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition and Gastronomy Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Antonio","family":"Mora-Melgem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition Sciences Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Nutrition and Gastronomy Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Culiacan 80019, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cesar Antonio","family":"S\u00e1nchez-C\u00e1rdenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integral Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina Hilda","family":"Gracia-Valenzuela","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory for the Research and Detection of Biological Agents and Contaminants (CONAHCYT National Laboratory, LANIBIOC), Yaqui Valley Technological Institute, National Technological Institute of Mexico, B\u00e1cum 85276, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lilian Karem","family":"Flores-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Laboratory (LACIUS, C.N., CONAHCYT National Laboratory, LANIBIOC), Deparment of Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Sciences (DC-QB), Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Sonora, Navojoa 85880, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4276-8715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Oscar Gerardo","family":"Figueroa-Salcido","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Integral Postgraduate Program in Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Autonomous University of Sinaloa, Ciudad Universitaria, Culiacan 80010, Sinaloa, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8678-0447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"No\u00e9","family":"Ontiveros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical and Research Laboratory (LACIUS, C.N., CONAHCYT National Laboratory, LANIBIOC), Deparment of Chemical, Biological, and Agricultural Sciences (DC-QB), Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, University of Sonora, Navojoa 85880, Sonora, Mexico"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2021.109119","article-title":"IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global, Regional and Country-Level Diabetes Prevalence Estimates for 2021 and Projections for 2045","volume":"183","author":"Sun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. 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