{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T19:05:03Z","timestamp":1791918303732,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Bacterial cellulose (BC) has earned a well-defined place among biopolymers due to its unique physicochemical properties. Unfortunately, native BC lacks antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. To address this limitation, many BC-based nanocomposites with antimicrobial properties have been developed, primarily for applications in the biomedical field, but also for use in food packaging. Many nanoparticles can be incorporated into BC membranes, often in combination with other bioactive molecules. Among the available methods for nanoparticle synthesis, green synthesis has emerged as promising, as it avoids the use of hazardous chemicals. The aim of this paper is to develop and characterize antimicrobial composite materials fabricated using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and bacterial cellulose fibrils loaded with zinc oxide and silver nanoparticles (NPs) obtained using turmeric extract by green synthesis. NP-loaded CMC-BC composites were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD), and thermal analysis (TA). The antibacterial potential of such composites was tested against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), and Candida albicans (C. albicans).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312890","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T05:43:43Z","timestamp":1733118223000},"page":"12890","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Antimicrobial Carboxymethyl Cellulose-Bacterial Cellulose Composites Loaded with Green Synthesized ZnO and Ag Nanoparticles for Food Packaging"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0597-0789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iuliana Mihaela","family":"Deleanu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology \u201cPolitehnica\u201d Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0392-8459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristina","family":"Busuioc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology \u201cPolitehnica\u201d Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mariana","family":"Deleanu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Cellular Biology and Pathology \u201cNicolae Simionescu\u201d, Romanian Academy, 8 Hasdeu Street, 050568 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3346-3875","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anicu\u0163a","family":"Stoica-Guzun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology \u201cPolitehnica\u201d Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u0103d\u0103lina","family":"Rotaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology \u201cPolitehnica\u201d Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vasile Alexandru","family":"\u0218tefan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology \u201cPolitehnica\u201d Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0763-540X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriela","family":"Isopencu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, National University of Science and Technology \u201cPolitehnica\u201d Bucharest, 1-7 Polizu Street, 011061 Bucharest, Romania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100623","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mser.2021.100623","article-title":"Bacterial cellulose: A smart biomaterial with diverse applications","volume":"145","author":"Gregory","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mater. 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