{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T02:14:26Z","timestamp":1789697666121,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,30]],"date-time":"2024-11-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-15-00255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-15-00255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-15-00171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-15-00171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16-15-00255"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16-15-00255"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["24-15-00171"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["24-15-00171"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Autoimmune uveitis is a relapsing blind-causing ocular condition with complex pathogenesis that is not completely understood. There is a high demand for accurate animal models of experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) suitable for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of the disease and testing new therapeutic approaches. Here, we demonstrated that photoreceptor Ca2+\/Zn2+-sensor protein recoverin is a uveoretinal antigen in albino rabbits provoking typical autoimmune chorioretinitis 2\u20134 weeks after immunization. The pathologic process in recoverin-induced EAU shared features with human disease and included lymphocytic infiltration of the retina, Dalen\u2013Fuchs nodules and foci of subtotal or total retinal atrophy, manifested as a decrease in amplitude of the a-wave of the electroretinogram. In some cases, changes in the retinal vascular pattern and subretinal hemorrhages were also observed. These signs were accompanied by a gradual accumulation of serum antibodies against recoverin. Biochemical examination of the aqueous humor (AH) revealed typical characteristics of inflammation and oxidative stress, including increased levels of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 and decreased levels of IL-10, as well as decreased total antioxidant activity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and increased zinc concentration. Consistently, metabolomic and targeted lipidomic analysis of AH showed high lactate and low ascorbic acid levels in early EAU; increased levels of key pro-inflammatory signaling lipids such as PGE2, TXB2, 11-HETE and Lyso-PAF; and reduced levels of the anti-inflammatory fatty acid DHA in advanced stages of the disease. Uveitic AH became enriched with recoverin, confirming disruption of the blood\u2013ocular barrier and photoreceptor damage. Notably, the application of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapy impeded EAU progression by maintaining local antioxidant activity and suppressing TNF-\u03b1, IL-6 and PGE2 signaling. Overall, our results demonstrate that recoverin-induced EAU in rabbits represents an accurate model of human autoimmune posterior uveitis and suggest new directions for its therapy that can be trialed using the developed model.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312910","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T05:43:43Z","timestamp":1733118223000},"page":"12910","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Targeting Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in the Eye: Insights from a New Model of Experimental Autoimmune Uveitis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0137-8585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dmitry V.","family":"Chistyakov","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Pharmacy Resource Center, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika V.","family":"Tiulina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga S.","family":"Gancharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Viktoriia E.","family":"Baksheeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7625-9110","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei V.","family":"Goriainov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Resource Center, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia G.","family":"Shebardina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9664-9506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasily A.","family":"Ivlev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Resource Center, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergey V.","family":"Komarov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Skryabin Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, 109472 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-7638-5143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marina P.","family":"Shevelyova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142292 Pushchino, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia K.","family":"Tikhomirova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel P.","family":"Philippov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7764-693X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Vasiliy G.","family":"Vasil\u2019ev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pharmacy Resource Center, Peoples\u2019 Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), 117198 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marina G.","family":"Sergeeva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4086-3137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sergei E.","family":"Permyakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, 142292 Pushchino, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8143-3606","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elena N.","family":"Iomdina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, 105062 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8622-8836","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Philipp O.","family":"Tsvetkov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CNRS, UMR 7051, INP, Inst Neurophysiopathol, Facult\u00e9 des Sciences M\u00e9dicales et Param\u00e9dicales, Aix Marseille Univ, 13005 Marseille, France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ivan I.","family":"Senin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, 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