{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:53:20Z","timestamp":1787162000358,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":99,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]],"date-time":"2024-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733011200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wac\u0142aw D\u0105browski Institute of Agricultural","award":["ZM\u2013144\u201301"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZM\u2013144\u201301"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Salmonella is one of the main foodborne pathogens. Irrational antibiotic management has led to an increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant strains. Bacteriophages may be an alternative method of food biopreservation and contribute to reducing the number of food poisonings requiring pharmacotherapy. This study aimed to isolate a bacteriophage (phage) targeting indigenous multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella strains, followed by their biological, morphological, and genomic characterization. In this study we isolated Salmonella phage KKP_3822, targeting MDR Salmonella Manchester strain KKP 1213. Salmonella phage KKP_3822 retained high activity in the temperature range from \u221220 \u00b0C to 40 \u00b0C and active acidity from pH 3 to 11. Temperatures of 70 \u00b0C and 80 \u00b0C and extreme pH values (2 and 12) significantly reduced the phage titer. Its activity decreased proportionally to the time of UV exposure. Genome analysis (linear dsDNA with a length of 114,843 bp) revealed the presence of 27 tRNA genes. Proteins encoded by the vB_Sen-IAFB3822 phage were divided into functional modules related to (i) phage structure\/assembly, (ii) DNA replication\/modification\/regulation, (iii) phage lysis, and (iv) DNA packaging into the capsid. No genes associated with antibiotic resistance or integration into the host genome, markers of temperate bacteriophages, were annotated in the Salmonella phage KKP_3822 genome. Based on morphological features and whole-genome sequence analysis, the newly isolated Salmonella phage KKP_3822 shows the greatest similarity to representatives of tailed phages from the Caudoviricetes class, Demerecviridae family, and Epseptimavirus genus. Genome analysis confirmed the virulent nature of the Salmonella phage KKP_3822, making it a potential candidate for food biocontrol.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312930","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T05:43:43Z","timestamp":1733118223000},"page":"12930","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Phenotypic Characterization and Genome Analysis of New Broad-Spectrum Virulent Salmophage, Salmonella Phage KKP_3822, for Biocontrol of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Strains"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0573-3337","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Micha\u0142","family":"W\u00f3jcicki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wac\u0142aw D\u0105browski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology\u2014State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2474-283X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dziyana","family":"Shymialevich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wac\u0142aw D\u0105browski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology\u2014State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8597-301X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"\u015arednicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wac\u0142aw D\u0105browski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology\u2014State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9370-3749","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulina","family":"Emanowicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wac\u0142aw D\u0105browski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology\u2014State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8781-6106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Ostrowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nanobiotechnology, Institute of Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), Ciszewskiego 8 Str., 02-786 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Cie\u015blak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wac\u0142aw D\u0105browski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology\u2014State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6217-2401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara","family":"Soko\u0142owska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Prof. Wac\u0142aw D\u0105browski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology\u2014State Research Institute, Rakowiecka 36 Str., 02-532 Warsaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8899596","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8899596","article-title":"Prevention and Control of Human Salmonella enterica Infections: An Implication in Food Safety","volume":"2023","author":"Mkangara","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. 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