{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:12:55Z","timestamp":1790957575862,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":258,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Polish Society of Nephrology"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Both chronic kidney disease (CKD) and type 2 diabetes (T2D) are modern epidemics worldwide and have become a severe public health problem. Chronic kidney disease progression in T2D patients is linked to the need for dialysis or kidney transplantation and represents the risk factor predisposing to serious cardiovascular complications. In recent years, important progress has occurred in nephroprotective pharmacotherapy in CKD patients with T2D. In the current position paper, we described a nephroprotective approach in CKD patients with T2D based on the five following pillars: effective antihyperglycemic treatment, SGLT2 inhibitor or semaglutide, antihypertensive therapy, use of RASi (ARB or ACEi), and in selected patients, finerenone, as well as sodium bicarbonate in patients with metabolic acidosis. We thought that the current statement is comprehensive and up-to-date and addresses multiple pathways of nephroprotection in patients with CKD and T2D.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312941","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]],"date-time":"2024-12-02T06:58:58Z","timestamp":1733122738000},"page":"12941","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Pharmacological Nephroprotection in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus\u2014Clinical Practice Position Statement of the Polish Society of Nephrology"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Marcin","family":"Adamczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Silesia, 40-027 Katowice, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3448-0682","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilona","family":"Kurnatowska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Diseases and Transplant Nephrology, Medical University of Lodz, 90-153 Lodz, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7090-8856","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beata","family":"Naumnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"1st Department of Nephrology, Transplantation and Internal Medicine with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-540 Bialystok, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomasz","family":"Stomp\u00f3r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Internal Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-516 Olsztyn, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leszek","family":"Tylicki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-952 Gdansk, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2632-2409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Krajewska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Non-Surgical Clinical Sciences, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stomp\u00f3r, T., Adamczak, M., Kurnatowska, I., Naumnik, B., Nowicki, M., Tylicki, L., Winiarska, A., and Krajewska, M. 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