{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T20:28:47Z","timestamp":1783628927441,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007632","name":"Changhua Christian Hospital","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["96-CCH-IPI-09"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["96-CCH-IPI-09"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007632","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>A plant-based diet is considered a promising approach for managing hyperuricemia (HUA). This study examined the effects of soy protein and plant-based oils on HUA-induced inflammation and immune dysfunction. Male Wistar rats, induced with HUA using oxonic acid and uric acid (UA), were fed casein or soy protein with palm or safflower oil (2 \u00d7 2 factorial design) for 8 weeks. HUA rats had lower serum albumin and T cell percentages in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) and splenocytes, along with increased leukocyte counts and spleen weights, compared to healthy rats (p &lt; 0.05). Soy protein improved HUA-induced reductions in albumin, while safflower-seed oil ameliorated reductions in albumin, plasma interleukin (IL)-4, and T-suppressor splenocytes, and mitigated elevated serum UA, plasma IL-6, and B leukocytes (two-way ANOVA, p &lt; 0.05). In PBL, soy protein alleviated HUA-induced decreases in TNF-\u03b1, casein and palm oil increased IL-6, and casein further reduced IFN-\u03b3 production. Under Con A stimulation, casein and safflower-seed oil alleviated decreases in IL-6 and IL-10, respectively, while under LPS stimulation, casein further increased TNF-\u03b1 production. In splenocytes, soy protein and safflower-seed oil reduced HUA-induced increases in TNF-\u03b1 and increased IL-10, and safflower-seed oil increased IL-6 production. Under Con A stimulation, soy protein and safflower-seed oil reduced TNF-\u03b1 and increased IL-10 production in splenocytes. The findings suggest that soy protein and safflower-seed oil may counteract HUA-related inflammation, alleviate monocyte activation, and enhance Th2 immune response in HUA. A plant-based diet rich in soy protein and safflower-seed oil may help manage HUA and associated inflammation and immune dysfunction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252312977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T04:01:29Z","timestamp":1733198489000},"page":"12977","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Soy Protein and Safflower-Seed Oil Attenuate Inflammation and Immune Dysfunction in Rats with Hyperuricemia"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yi-Fang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chen","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Food and Nutrition, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 114202, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Nephrology, Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 500209, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2138-1837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hui-Chen","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nutritional Science, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei City 242062, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gherghina, M.E., Peride, I., Tiglis, M., Neagu, T.P., Niculae, A., and Checherita, I.A. 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