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Both MYSM1 knockout mice and patients with Mysm1 gene mutations exhibit developmental abnormalities across multiple tissues and organs. Serving as a crucial regulator, MYSM1 influences stem cell function, immune responses, and the pathogenesis of diverse diseases. This review comprehensively details MYSM1\u2019s deubiquitinating activities in both the nucleus and cytoplasmic compartments, its effects on stem cell proliferation, differentiation, and immune cell function, and its involvement in cancer, aging, and depression. The high sequence homology between murine and human MYSM1, along with similar phenotypes observed in Mysm1-deficient models, provides valuable insights into the etiology of human Mysm1-deficiency syndromes. This review aims to offer a foundation for future comprehensive research on MYSM1.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252313051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]],"date-time":"2024-12-04T10:07:10Z","timestamp":1733306830000},"page":"13051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Deubiquitinase MYSM1: An Important Tissue Development and Function Regulator"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Qiaozhen","family":"Qin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"},{"name":"Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Huaqiang","family":"Ruan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Heyang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1894-7555","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wenting","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xinlong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Antiviral Drugs, Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental and Viral Oncology, College of Chemistry and Life Science, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoxia","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing 100850, China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2007.03.027","article-title":"Structural and functional differences of SWIRM domain subtypes","volume":"369","author":"Yoneyama","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. 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