{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,18]],"date-time":"2026-09-18T21:59:34Z","timestamp":1789768774921,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RD21\/0002\/0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0002\/0053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"European Union","award":["RD21\/0002\/0053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RD21\/0002\/0053"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Natalizumab is a highly effective therapy for multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of this study was to evaluate serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL) and serum glial fibrillary acidic protein (sGFAP) in patients with relapsing\u2013remitting MS treated with Natalizumab. sNfL and sGFAP were analyzed at baseline, 6 and 12 months post treatment using the single-molecule array (SiMoA) technique. We recruited matched healthy controls for comparison. The study included 54 patients, with a median age of 33 years (Interquartile range (IQR), 29\u201341), with 32 women (60%) and 76 healthy controls. A decrease in sNfL was observed at 6 (67%, p = 0.005) and 12 (72%, p &lt; 0.0001) months compared to baseline. After two years, six patients experienced evidence of disease activity (EDA-3). The remaining ones had no evidence of disease activity (NEDA-3). NEDA-3 presented a remarkable reduction in sNfL (p &lt; 0.0001) and sGFAP (p = 0.01) after 6 months of treatment that continued to be observed after 12 months compared to baseline. EDA-3 only reached a significant decrease in sNfL after 12 months; there were no significant changes in sGFAP values. Natalizumab leads to a decrease in sNfL, which is higher and occurs earlier in NEDA-3 patients. Patients also showed a significant reduction in sGFAP levels, which was not observed in the EDA-3 group.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252313153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T04:01:37Z","timestamp":1733716897000},"page":"13153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Effect of Natalizumab on sNfL and sGFAP Levels in Multiple Sclerosis Patients"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2432-0039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Sainz-Amo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-3816-2715","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexander","family":"Rodero-Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3293-0125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Enric","family":"Monreal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6557-912X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juan Luis","family":"Chico-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Jorge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9148-671X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose Ignacio","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Velasco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2114-8632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noelia","family":"Villarrubia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jose Luis","family":"Veiga-Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana Sainz","family":"de la Maza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1329-0943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaime","family":"Masjuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6512-4413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lucienne","family":"Costa-Frossard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9067-3668","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa Maria","family":"Villar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology Department, Hospital Universitario Ram\u00f3n y Cajal, Red Espa\u00f1ola de Esclerosis Multiple (REEM), Red de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (REI), ISCIII, Instituto Ram\u00f3n y Cajal de Investigaci\u00f3n Sanitaria, 28034 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41582-018-0058-z","article-title":"Neurofilaments as biomarkers in neurological disorders","volume":"14","author":"Khalil","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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