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However, previous studies and breeding programs have focused mainly on product efficiency traits, such as growth rate, lean meat yield, and litter size, often neglecting boar semen traits. In this study, we estimated the genetic parameters and assessed the genomic prediction accuracy of boar semen traits with phenotypes evaluated from 274,332 ejections in a large population consisting of 2467 Duroc boars. Heritability of sperm morphological abnormality rate (ABN), fresh semen volume (VOL), sperm concentration (DEN), and motility (MOT) were estimated to be 0.43, 0.22, 0.23, and 0.16, respectively. GBLUP achieved a moderate predictive ability of semen traits, with a range of 0.32\u20130.50. Incorporating gene interactions indicated by the KEGG pathways (biBLUP) significantly improved predictive accuracy over the classical additive model (GBLUP) and epistatic model (RKHS). Moreover, biBLUP showed an improvement from 9.50% to 20.10% among the studied traits compared with GBLUP, with the greatest improvement (0.40 vs. 0.48) observed in sperm morphological abnormality rate. In conclusion, moderate to low heritability was estimated for the Duroc boar semen traits. Genomic prediction was able to achieve moderate accuracy, with a range from 0.32 to 0.56, for the studied traits. Considering gene interactions within KEGG pathways enhanced the predictive ability of boar semen traits.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252313155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T04:01:37Z","timestamp":1733716897000},"page":"13155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Genomic Prediction of Semen Traits in Boars Incorporating Biological Interactions"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Yantong","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanda","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuebo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maoliang","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ning","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Pig) Evaluation and Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair, Yuelushan Laboratory, College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China"},{"name":"State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1111\/jbg.12393","article-title":"Estimation of Genetic Parameters and Season Effects for Semen Traits in Three Pig Breeds of South China","volume":"136","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. 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