{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:18:50Z","timestamp":1790090330823,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":97,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]],"date-time":"2024-12-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733529600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"ORIEN New Oncology Visionary Award","award":["0518-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0518-009"]}]},{"name":"ORIEN New Oncology Visionary Award","award":["R37-CA229810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-CA229810"]}]},{"name":"ORIEN New Oncology Visionary Award","award":["P30-CA076292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-CA076292"]}]},{"name":"ORIEN New Oncology Visionary Award","award":["P30 CA016058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA016058"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["0518-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0518-009"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["R37-CA229810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-CA229810"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["P30-CA076292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-CA076292"]}]},{"name":"National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health","award":["P30 CA016058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA016058"]}]},{"name":"H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute","award":["0518-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0518-009"]}]},{"name":"H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute","award":["R37-CA229810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-CA229810"]}]},{"name":"H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute","award":["P30-CA076292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-CA076292"]}]},{"name":"H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute","award":["P30 CA016058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA016058"]}]},{"name":"The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and the National Institutes of Health","award":["0518-009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["0518-009"]}]},{"name":"The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and the National Institutes of Health","award":["R37-CA229810"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R37-CA229810"]}]},{"name":"The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and the National Institutes of Health","award":["P30-CA076292"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30-CA076292"]}]},{"name":"The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center and the National Institutes of Health","award":["P30 CA016058"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30 CA016058"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMN) are commonly detected pancreatic cysts that may transform into pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Predicting which IPMNs will progress to PDAC remains a clinical challenge. Moreover, identifying those clinically evident IPMNs for which a surveillance approach is best is a dire clinical need. Therefore, we aimed to identify molecular signatures that distinguished between PDAC with and without clinical evidence of an IPMN to identify novel molecular pathways related to IPMN-derived PDAC that could help guide biomarker development. Data from the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN) multi-institute sequencing project were utilized to analyze 66 PDAC cases from Moffitt Cancer Center and The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, for which tumor whole transcriptome sequencing datasets were generated. Cases were classified based on whether a tumor had originated from an IPMN (n = 16) or presumably through the pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) pathway (n = 50). We then performed differential expression and pathway analysis using Gene-Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) and Pathway Analysis with Down-weighted Genes (PADOG) algorithms. We also analyzed immune profiles using the Tumor-Immune Microenvironment Deconvolution web portal for Bulk Transcriptomics (TIMEx). Both GSEA and TIMEx indicate that PanIN-derived PDAC tumors enrich inflammatory pathways (complement, hedgehog signaling, coagulation, inflammatory response, apical surface, IL-2\/STAT5, IL-6\/STAT3, EMT, KRAS signaling, apical junction, IFN-gamma, allograft rejection) and are comparatively richer in almost all immune cell types than those from IPMN-derived PDAC. IPMN-derived tumors were enriched for metabolic and energy-generating pathways (oxidative phosphorylation, unfolded protein response, pancreas beta cells, adipogenesis, fatty acid metabolism, protein secretion), and the most significantly upregulated genes (padj &lt; 0.001) included mucin 2 (MUC2) and gastrokine-2 (GKN2). Further, the metabolic-linked gene signature enriched in the IPMN-derived samples is associated with a cluster of early-stage and long-survival (top 4th quartile) PDAC cases from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) expression database. Our data suggest that IPMN-derived and PanIN-derived PDACs differ in the expression of immune profiles and metabolic pathways. These initial findings warrant validation and follow-up to develop biomarker-based strategies for early PDAC detection and treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252313164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T04:01:37Z","timestamp":1733716897000},"page":"13164","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Molecular Pathway and Immune Profile Analysis of IPMN-Derived Versus PanIN-Derived Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinomas"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Margaret A.","family":"Park","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristyn","family":"Gumpper-Fedus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5748-7890","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somashekar G.","family":"Krishna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria C.","family":"Genilo-Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Brantley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Phil A.","family":"Hart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary E.","family":"Dillhoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria F.","family":"Gomez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toni L.","family":"Basinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shaffer R.","family":"Mok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anjuli K.","family":"Luthra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason B.","family":"Fleming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amir","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara A.","family":"Centeno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8430-7138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aleksandra","family":"Karolak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Jeong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5026-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dung-Tsa","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0882-308X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.","family":"Stewart","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4513-0282","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamie K.","family":"Teer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0849-655X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zobeida","family":"Cruz-Monserrate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4726-9264","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jennifer B.","family":"Permuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Gastrointestinal (GI) Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"},{"name":"Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5851","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i35.5851","article-title":"Pancreatic cancer in 2021: What you need to know to win","volume":"27","author":"Tonini","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. 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