{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T01:33:11Z","timestamp":1792632791126,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":110,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hypertension exerts a profound impact on the microcirculation, causing both structural and functional alterations that contribute to systemic and organ-specific vascular damage. The microcirculation, comprising arterioles, capillaries, and venules with diameters smaller than 20 \u03bcm, plays a fundamental role in oxygen delivery, nutrient exchange, and maintaining tissue homeostasis. In the context of hypertension, microvascular remodeling and rarefaction result in reduced vessel density and elasticity, increasing vascular resistance and driving end-organ damage. The pathophysiological mechanisms underlying hypertensive microvascular dysfunction include endothelial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and excessive collagen deposition. These changes impair nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and promote inflammation and fibrosis. These processes lead to progressive vascular stiffening and dysfunction, with significant implications for multiple organs, including the heart, kidneys, brain, and retina. This review underscores the pivotal role of microvascular dysfunction in hypertension-related complications and highlights the importance of early detection and therapeutic interventions. Strategies aimed at optimizing blood pressure control, improving endothelial function, and targeting oxidative stress and vascular remodeling are critical to mitigating the systemic consequences of hypertensive microvascular damage and reducing the burden of related cardiovascular and renal diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413294","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T06:44:05Z","timestamp":1733899445000},"page":"13294","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":118,"title":["Systemic and Cardiac Microvascular Dysfunction in Hypertension"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Durante","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Interventional and Clinical Cardiology Unit, Policlinico San Marco, 24040 Zingonia, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-7186-6074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Mazzapicchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico \u201cSant\u2019Orsola\u201d, University of Bologna, 40125 Bologna, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martina","family":"Baiardo Redaelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dipartimento di Biotecnologie e Scienze della Vita, ASST Sette Laghi, Universit\u00e0 degli Studi dell\u2019Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2353","article-title":"Bench-to-bedside review: Microvascular dysfunction in sepsis\u2014Hemodynamics, oxygen transport, and nitric oxide","volume":"7","author":"Bateman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. 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