{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,12]],"date-time":"2026-03-12T16:01:26Z","timestamp":1773331286305,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733875200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100006769","name":"Russian Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["22-15-00425"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["22-15-00425"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100006769","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The use of 3D-printed gene-activated bone grafts represents a highly promising approach in the fields of dentistry and orthopedics. Bioresorbable poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) scaffolds, infused with adenoviral constructs that carry osteoinductive factor genes, may provide an effective alternative to existing bone grafts for the reconstruction of extensive bone defects. This study aims to develop and investigate the properties of 3D scaffolds composed of PLGA and adenoviral constructs carrying the BMP2 gene (Ad-BMP2), both in vitro and in vivo. The elastic modulus of the disk-shaped PLGA scaffolds created using a specialized 3D printer was determined by compressive testing in both axial and radial directions. In vitro cytocompatibility was assessed using adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs). The ability of Ad-BMP2 to transduce cells was evaluated. The osteoinductive and biocompatible properties of the scaffolds were also assessed in vivo. The Young\u2019s modulus of the 3D-printed PLGA scaffolds exhibited comparable values in both axial and radial compression directions, measuring 3.4 \u00b1 0.7 MPa for axial and 3.17 \u00b1 1.4 MPa for radial compression. The scaffolds promoted cell adhesion and had no cytotoxic effect on ADSCs. Ad-BMP2 successfully transduced the cells and induced osteogenic differentiation in vitro. In vivo studies demonstrated that the 3D-printed PLGA scaffolds had osteoinductive properties, promoting bone formation within the scaffold filaments as well as at the center of a critical calvarial bone defect.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413300","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]],"date-time":"2024-12-11T12:38:56Z","timestamp":1733920736000},"page":"13300","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Antisolvent 3D Printing of Gene-Activated Scaffolds for Bone Regeneration"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7169-2724","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andrey Vyacheslavovich","family":"Vasilyev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8472-7116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irina Alekseevna","family":"Nedorubova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3828-8495","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktoria Olegovna","family":"Chernomyrdina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2970-7176","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anastasiia Yurevna","family":"Meglei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0127-6502","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viktoriia Pavlovna","family":"Basina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8173-0253","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anton Vladimirovich","family":"Mironov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"NRC \u00abKurchatov Institute\u00bb, 123182 Moscow, 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Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anatoly Alekseevich","family":"Kulakov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dmitry Vadimovich","family":"Goldshtein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0481-256X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tatiana Borisovna","family":"Bukharova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Research Institute of Dentistry and Maxillofacial Surgery, 119021 Moscow, Russia"},{"name":"Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 115478 Moscow, Russia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzy167.102","article-title":"Optimization of Personalized Precise Treatment of Patients Suffered with Severe Bone Defects through 3D Printing Technology","volume":"30","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. 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Biological Evaluation of Medical Devices\u2014Part 2: Animal Welfare Requirements (Standard No. ISO 10993-2:2022)."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/24\/13300\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:52:33Z","timestamp":1760115153000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/24\/13300"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms252413300"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252413300","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,11]]}}}