{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]],"date-time":"2025-10-15T00:29:11Z","timestamp":1760488151999,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":161,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733961600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Queen Elizabeth Hospital Research Foundation","award":["ABN:86248830078","ACN 913805958","IR2105765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ABN:86248830078","ACN 913805958","IR2105765"]}]},{"name":"Mind Research Institute","award":["ABN:86248830078","ACN 913805958","IR2105765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ABN:86248830078","ACN 913805958","IR2105765"]}]},{"name":"Australian Government Department of Industry Innovation and Science, Research and Development, Tax Incentive Grant","award":["ABN:86248830078","ACN 913805958","IR2105765"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ABN:86248830078","ACN 913805958","IR2105765"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The (MTHFR) C677T gene polymorphism is associated with neurological disorders and schizophrenia. Patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and controls (n 134) had data collected for risk factors, molecular and neuro-sensory variables, symptoms, and functional outcomes. Promising gene variant-related predictive biomarkers were identified for diagnosis by Receiver Operating Characteristics and for illness duration by linear regression. These were then analyzed using Spearman\u2019s correlation in relation to the duration of illness. Significant correlations were ranked by strength and plotted on graphs for each MTHFR C677T variant. Homozygous MTHFR 677 TT carriers displayed a mid-illness switch to depression, with suicidality and a late-phase shift from lower to higher methylation, with activated psychosis symptoms. MTHFR 677 CC variant carriers displayed significant premorbid correlates for family history, developmental disorder, learning disorder, and head injury. These findings align with those of low methylation, oxidative stress, multiple neuro-sensory processing deficits, and disability outcomes. Heterozygous MTHFR 677 CT carriers displayed multiple shifts in mood and methylation with multiple adverse outcomes. The graphically presented ranked biomarker correlates for illness duration allow a perspective of psychosis development across gene variants, with the potential for phase of illness monitoring and new therapeutic insights to prevent or delay psychosis and its adverse outcomes.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]],"date-time":"2024-12-12T08:36:32Z","timestamp":1733992592000},"page":"13348","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Gene Variant Related Neurological and Molecular Biomarkers Predict Psychosis Progression, with Potential for Monitoring and Prevention"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5397-5459","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephanie","family":"Fryar-Williams","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Youth in Mind Research Institute, Unley, SA 5061, Australia"},{"name":"Department of Medical Specialities, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Tucker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1670-2579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Clements","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatrics, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4077-9269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00f6rg","family":"Strobel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Adelaide Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.08m04807","article-title":"Bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia overlap: A new comorbidity index","volume":"70","author":"Laursen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. 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