{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T17:24:51Z","timestamp":1790270691414,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734048000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003725","name":"Korean Ministry of Science, ICT, and Future Planning","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NRF-2023R1A2C2002380"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NRF-2023R1A2C2002380"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003725","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The amount of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) found in the synovial tissue of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis is five times greater than that in those with osteoarthritis. Our study aims to determine whether inhibiting S1P2 can mitigate collagen-induced rheumatoid arthritis (CIA) by using an S1P2 antagonist, JTE-013, alongside DBA-1J S1pr2 wild-type (WT) and knock-out (KO) mice. CIA causes increases in arthritis scores, foot swelling, synovial hyperplasia, pannus formation, proteoglycan depletion, cartilage damage, and bone erosion, but these effects are markedly reduced when JTE-013 is administered to S1pr2 WT mice. CIA also elevates mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory Th1\/Th17 cytokines in the foot and spleen, which are significantly decreased by JTE-013 in S1pr2 WT mice. Additionally, CIA raises Th1\/Th17 and Treg cell counts, while JTE-013 reduces these elevations in the spleens of S1pr2 WT mice. Treatment with JTE-013 or the absence of S1pr2 curtails the differentiation of na\u00efve T cells into Th1 and Th17 cells in a dose-dependent manner. In SW982 human synovial cells, JTE-013 lowers LPS-induced increases in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels. Overall, these findings propose that blocking S1P2 in immune and synovial cells may alleviate rheumatoid arthritis symptoms and offer a potential therapeutic approach.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413393","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]],"date-time":"2024-12-13T10:34:12Z","timestamp":1734086052000},"page":"13393","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Blocking the Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Receptor 2 (S1P2) Reduces the Severity of Collagen-Induced Arthritis in DBA-1J Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Ju-Hyun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02446, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jung-Eun","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02446, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8054-8946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong-Soon","family":"Im","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02446, Republic of Korea"},{"name":"Department of Basic Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02446, Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18001","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2018.1","article-title":"Rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Smolen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. 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