{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T03:15:23Z","timestamp":1791947723002,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province","award":["20240101249JC"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20240101249JC"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Microbial attack, particularly fungal degradation of cellulose, is a leading cause of paper damage. To address fungal spores and the rising concern of microbial drug resistance, a nano-Germanium dioxide (GeO2)\/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) complex (nano-GeO2\/CTAB complex) with potent antibacterial properties was synthesized. Its inhibitory effects were evaluated against bacteria, including Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli, as well as fungi isolated from paper (Fusarium spp., Aspergillus spp., and Penicillium citrinum). The nano-GeO2\/CTAB complex exhibited significant (p &lt; 0.05) inhibitory effects against S. aureus and E. coli. Moreover, a 60 min treatment with 1 mg\/mL of the complex significantly inhibited the growth of all tested fungi and reduced their biomass after five days of culture, while 4 mg\/mL completely deactivated spores. Filter paper pre-treated with the nano-GeO2\/CTAB complex showed complete resistance to microbial attack, exhibiting no fungal growth and a clear inhibition zone devoid of bacterial growth. In contrast, untreated controls displayed fungal coverage exceeding 95% within five days. These findings highlight the nano-GeO2\/CTAB complex as a promising antimicrobial agent for protecting paper materials from microbial degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T03:40:56Z","timestamp":1734493256000},"page":"13541","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Antimicrobial Activity of Nano-GeO2\/CTAB Complex Against Fungi and Bacteria Isolated from Paper"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xu","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanxin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siqi","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4025-2117","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhengqiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of the Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heng","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Center, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Severe Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stratigaki, M., Armirotti, A., Ottonello, G., Manente, S., and Traviglia, A. 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