{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T06:02:10Z","timestamp":1783576930728,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000069","name":"National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01AR056019"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01AR056019"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000069","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Overuse injury is a frequent diagnosis in occupational medicine and athletics. Using an established model of upper extremity overuse, we sought to characterize changes occurring in the forepaws and forelimbs of mature female rats (14\u201318 months of age). Thirty-three rats underwent a 4-week shaping period, before performing a high-repetition low-force (HRLF) task for 12 weeks, with the results being compared to 32 mature controls. HRLF animals showed a reduced grip strength versus controls. ELISAs carried out in the HRLF rats, versus controls, showed elevated levels of IL1-\u03b1 in tendons, IL1-\u03b1 and TNF-\u03b1 in distal bones\/entheses, and TNF-\u03b1, MIP1-\u03b1\/CCL3, and CINC-2\/CXCL-3 in serum, as well as IL-6 in forelimb muscles and tendons, and IL-10 in serum. HRLF rats had elevated collagen deposition in the forepaw intrinsic muscles (i.e., fibrosis), entheseal microdamage, and articular cartilage degradation versus the control rats. CD68\/ED1+ osteoclasts and single-nucleated cells were elevated in distal forelimb metaphyses of the HRLF animals, versus controls. Declines in grip strength correlated with muscle fibrosis, entheseal microdamage, articular cartilage damage, distal bone\/enthesis IL1-\u03b1, and serum IL-6. These data demonstrate inflammatory and persistent degradative changes in the forearm\/forepaw tissues of mature female animals exposed to prolonged repetitive tasks, changes with clinical relevance to work-related overuse injuries in mature human females.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413546","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]],"date-time":"2024-12-18T08:56:32Z","timestamp":1734512192000},"page":"13546","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Repetitive Overuse Injury Causes Entheseal Damage and Palmar Muscle Fibrosis in Older Rats"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Parth R.","family":"Patel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Istvan P.","family":"Tamas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megan","family":"Van Der Bas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abby","family":"Kegg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brendan A.","family":"Hilliard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4711-1931","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alex G.","family":"Lambi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Plastic Surgery Section, New Mexico Veterans Administration Health Care System, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA"},{"name":"Department of Surgery, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven N.","family":"Popoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5235-9803","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mary F.","family":"Barbe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Aging + Cardiovascular Discovery Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"},{"name":"Department of Biomedical Education and Data Science, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Occupational Safety and Health Administration (2023, March 14). 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