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This disease is driven by the breakdown of immune tolerance, which promotes the activation of autoreactive B and T cells. A key feature of SLE is dysregulation in antigen presentation, where antigen-presenting cells (APCs) play a central role in perpetuating immune responses. Dendritic cells (DCs) are highly specialized for antigen presentation among APCs. At the same time, myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) can also express MHC-II molecules, although their role in SLE is less understood. Utilizing the SLE model, MRL\/MpJ-Faslpr\/J, we determined the presence of different phenotypes of DCs and MDSCs expressing MHC-II in secondary lymphoid organs, along with the gene expression of ICOSL, CD80 and CD86 in the spleen. Our study determined that the most abundant population of APCs in secondary lymphoid organs corresponds to cDC CD103\u2212CD11b+ MHC-II+ throughout SLE development. Additionally, ICOSL expression increased over time, becoming more preponderant in week 16 in the SLE model, which could indicate that it is a crucial pathway for the development and progression of the pathology. In week 16, we observed a positive correlation between M-MDSC MHC-II and IFN-\u03b3-producing CD4+ T cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413604","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]],"date-time":"2024-12-19T06:50:44Z","timestamp":1734591044000},"page":"13604","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Expressing Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II in Secondary Lymphoid Organs in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Prone Mice"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4695-0107","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felipe R.","family":"Uribe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-7232-1227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabi\u00e1n","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Mart\u00ednez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9911-7035","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sebasti\u00e1n A.","family":"Echeverr\u00eda-Araya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alison","family":"Sep\u00falveda-Pontigo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karissa","family":"Ch\u00e1vez-Villacreses","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-9861-002X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Andr\u00e9s","family":"D\u00edaz-Bozo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"M\u00e9ndez-P\u00e9rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4252-8965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Valentina P. I.","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6794-7544","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Bohmwald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Instituto de Ciencias Biom\u00e9dicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Aut\u00f3noma de Chile, Santiago 8900000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7622-5263","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis M.","family":"Kalergis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Facultad de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile"},{"name":"Departamento de Endocrinolog\u00eda, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Cat\u00f3lica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0335-9759","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorge A.","family":"Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Laboratorio de Inmunolog\u00eda Traslacional, Departamento de Ciencias Biol\u00f3gicas, Facultad de Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Andr\u00e9s Bello, Santiago 8370133, Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cden.2013.06.003","article-title":"Systemic Lupus Erythematosus","volume":"57","author":"Fortuna","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dent. 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