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We retrieved bronchial mucosal biopsies and bronchial wash (BW) samples through bronchoscopy from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n = 38), healthy never-smokers (n = 40), and smokers with normal lung function (n = 40). The expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B was assessed immunohistochemically. The mucin concentrations in BW were determined using the slot-blot technique. The immunohistochemical expression of MUC5AC and MUC5B was localized to goblet cells and submucosal glands. Smokers had higher MUC5AC and lower MUC5B goblet cell expression and higher concentrations of soluble MUC5AC in BW than never-smokers. The MUC5B expression in goblet cells correlated positively with expiratory air flows, diffusing capacity, and the dyspnoea score. Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, and the progression of chronic airflow limitation during a median follow-up time of 8.4 years were associated with higher MUC5AC and lower MUC5B expression in goblet cells. Sustainers, slow progressors, and rapid progressors of airflow obstruction differed in their MUC5B expression at baseline. Emphysema and bronchial wall thickening on CT at a follow-up visit were associated with lower MUC5B expression at baseline. Our findings strengthen the hypothesis that MUC5AC and MUC5B are yet another contributing factor to smoking-associated lung disease progression.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413653","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,20]],"date-time":"2024-12-20T08:40:25Z","timestamp":1734684025000},"page":"13653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Expression Levels of MUC5AC and MUC5B in Airway Goblet Cells Are Associated with Traits of COPD and Progression of Chronic Airflow Limitation"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Terezia","family":"Pincikova","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Stockholm CF-Center, Albatross, K56, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, 141 86 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0967-3987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heta","family":"Merikallio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, 902 20 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Center of Internal Medicine and Respiratory Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, 902 20 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioanna","family":"Kotortsi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reza","family":"Karimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan-Xing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Lappi-Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, 902 20 Oulu, Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7751-9586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara K.","family":"Lind\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9dea","family":"Padra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa M.","family":"Wheelock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Nyr\u00e9n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Radiology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl Magnus","family":"Sk\u00f6ld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Respiratory Medicine Unit, Department of Medicine Solna and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institute, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"},{"name":"Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergy, Karolinska University Hospital, 171 76 Stockholm, Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Riitta L.","family":"Kaarteenaho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, University of Oulu, 902 20 Oulu, Finland"},{"name":"Center of Internal Medicine and Respiratory 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