{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,27]],"date-time":"2026-08-27T17:32:22Z","timestamp":1787851942954,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["32172734"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32172734"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Uterine infections reduce ruminant reproductive efficiency. Reproductive dysfunction caused by infusion of Gram-negative bacteria is characterized by the failure of embryo implantation and reduced conception rates. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is highly abortogenic. In this study, the effects of LPS infusion on the endometrial receptivity of sheep were studied during three critical periods of embryo implantation. The results showed that LPS infusion on d12, d16, and d20 of pregnancy in vivo interfered with the expression of prostaglandins (PGs) and affected the expression of adhesion-related factors (ITGB1\/3\/5, SPP1), key implantation genes (HOXA10, HOXA11 and LIF), and progestational elongation genes (ISG15, RSAD2 and CXCL10) during embryo implantation. In addition, after LPS infusion on d12, d16, and d20, the phosphorylation level of STAT1 significantly decreased and the protein expression level of IRF9 significantly increased on d12, suggesting that LPS infusion in sheep impairs endometrial receptivity through the JAK2\/STAT1 pathway. Sheep endometrial epithelial cells were treated with 17 \u03b2-estrogen, progesterone, and\/or interferon-tau in vitro to mimic the receptivity of the endometrium during early pregnancy for validation. LPS and the p-STAT1 inhibitor fludarabine were both added to the model, which resulted in reduced p-STAT1 protein expression, significant inhibition of PGE2\/PGF2\u03b1, and significant suppression of the expression of key embryo implantation genes. Collectively, these results indicate that LPS infusion in sheep on d12, d16, and d20 impairs endometrial receptivity through the JAK2\/STAT1 pathway, which is responsible for LPS-associated pregnancy failure.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T02:39:56Z","timestamp":1734921596000},"page":"13673","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["LPS Disrupts Endometrial Receptivity by Inhibiting STAT1 Phosphorylation in Sheep"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Xing","family":"Fan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinzi","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meiyu","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Animal Husbandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"He","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1234-8533","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peng","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3963-0857","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wenjie","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuchang","family":"Yao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150038, China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, Q., Liu, J., Wang, Y., Zhao, W., Wang, W., Cui, J., Yang, J., Yue, Y., Zhang, S., and Chu, M. (2021). A proteomic atlas of ligand\u2013receptor interactions at the ovine maternal\u2013fetal interface reveals the role of histone lactylation in uterine remodeling. J. Biol. Chem., 298.","DOI":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-299619\/v3"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jproteome.5b00038","article-title":"Label-free proteomics uncovers energy metabolism and focal adhesion regulations responsive for endometrium receptivity","volume":"14","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Proteome Res."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00398","article-title":"Implantation mechanisms: Insights from the sheep","volume":"128","author":"Spencer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2012.08.007","article-title":"Conceptus elongation in cattle: Genes, models and questions","volume":"134","author":"Hue","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.5661\/RDR-VI-379","article-title":"Fetal-maternal interactions during the establishment of pregnancy in ruminants","volume":"64","author":"Spencer","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Rumin."},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2023.112860","article-title":"Single-cell transcriptomic characterization of sheep conceptus elongation and implantation","volume":"42","author":"Jia","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1749","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721191115","article-title":"Uterine influences on conceptus development in fertility-classified animals","volume":"115","author":"Moraes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2011.01752.x","article-title":"\u03b1v\u03b23 Integrin may participate in conceptus attachment by regulating morphologic changes in the endometrium during peri-implantation in ovine","volume":"46","author":"Wan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Reprod. Domest. Anim."},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ribeiro, E.S., Greco, L.F., Bisinotto, R.S., Lima, F.S., Thatcher, W.W., and Santos, J.E. (2016). Biology of Preimplantation Conceptus at the Onset of Elongation in Dairy Cows1. Biol. Reprod., 94.","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.134908"},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.090019","article-title":"Conceptus-induced changes in the endometrial transcriptome: How soon does the cow know she is pregnant?","volume":"85","author":"Forde","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9763","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2023-23399","article-title":"Transcriptome changes associated with elongation of bovine conceptuses II: Differentially expressed transcripts in the endometrium on day 17 after insemination","volume":"106","author":"Peixoto","year":"2023","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5687","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0812722106","article-title":"Endometrium as an early sensor of in vitro embryo manipulation technologies","volume":"106","author":"Sandra","year":"2009","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA"},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2018.02.004","article-title":"IFN\u03c4 mediates chemotaxis, motility, metabolism and CK18 downregulation in bovine trophoblast cells in vitro via STAT1 and MAPK42\/44 signaling","volume":"64","author":"Loch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref_14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yang, D., Liu, A., Wu, Y., Li, B., Nan, S., Yin, R., Zhu, H., Chen, J., Ding, Y., and Ding, M. (2020). BCL2L15 Depletion Inhibits Endometrial Receptivity via the STAT1 Signaling Pathway. Genes, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes11070816"},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0502","article-title":"Gain-of-function \u03b2-catenin in the uterine mesenchyme leads to impaired implantation and decidualization","volume":"233","author":"Patterson","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5845","article-title":"Physiology and Endocrinology Symposium: Biological role of interferon tau in endometrial function and conceptus elongation","volume":"91","author":"Dorniak","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.4.1038","article-title":"Interferon regulatory factor-two restricts expression of interferon-stimulated genes to the endometrial stroma and glandular epithelium of the ovine uterus","volume":"65","author":"Choi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"090","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0028-1108013","article-title":"Interferons and uterine receptivity","volume":"27","author":"Bazer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Semin. Reprod. Med."},{"key":"ref_19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cheng, Y., Zhang, X., Wang, Z., and Wang, J. (2020). Reconstruction of Immune Microenvironment and Signaling Pathways in Endometrioid Endometrial Adenocarcinoma During Formation of Lymphovascular Space Involvement and Lymph Node Metastasis. Front. Oncol., 10.","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2020.595082"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.077370","article-title":"Defining postpartum uterine disease and the mechanisms of infection and immunity in the female reproductive tract in cattle","volume":"81","author":"Sheldon","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6171","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b02304","article-title":"Engeletin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Endometritis in Mice by Inhibiting TLR4-mediated NF-\u03baB Activation","volume":"64","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-017-0700-8","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinic Acid in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Mastitis in Mice","volume":"41","author":"Jiang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Guo, Y., van Schaik, T., Jhamat, N., Niazi, A., Chanrot, M., Charpigny, G., Valarcher, J.F., Bongcam-Rudloff, E., Andersson, G., and Humblot, P. (2019). Differential gene expression in bovine endometrial epithelial cells after challenge with LPS; specific implications for genes involved in embryo maternal interactions. PLoS ONE, 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222081"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2024.08.026","article-title":"Response of bovine endometrium to interferon tau in the presence of lipopolysaccharide","volume":"229","author":"Talukder","year":"2024","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2019.12.008","article-title":"The attenuation of the toxic effects of LPS on mouse pre-implantation development by alpha-lipoic acid","volume":"143","author":"Mokhtari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107276","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2023.107276","article-title":"The role of nutritional-immunological indices in estimating serum LPS and antioxidant enzyme activity and sepsis status in female dogs with pyometra caused by E. coli","volume":"255","author":"Mutluer","year":"2023","journal-title":"Anim. Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1080\/10647440500147885","article-title":"Gram-Negative Bacterial LPS Induced Poor Uterine Receptivity andImplantation Failure in Mouse: Alterations in IL-1\u03b2 Expression in the Preimplantation Embryo and Uterine Horns","volume":"13","author":"Deb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2008.04.050","article-title":"Bacterial endotoxin (LPS)\u2013induced DNA damage in preimplanting embryonic and uterine cells inhibits implantation","volume":"91","author":"Jaiswal","year":"2008","journal-title":"Fertil. Steril."},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5926","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2015-10335","article-title":"Novel concepts on the role of prostaglandins on luteal maintenance and maternal recognition and establishment of pregnancy in ruminants","volume":"99","author":"Arosh","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Dairy Sci."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6644","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.26315","article-title":"Hormone regulates endometrial function via cooperation of endoplasmic reticulum stress and mTOR-autophagy","volume":"233","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2019.01.052","article-title":"Oral cholecalciferol supplementation alleviates lipopolysaccharide-induced preterm delivery partially through regulating placental steroid hormones and prostaglandins in mice","volume":"69","author":"Fu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-12-0138","article-title":"Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide administration transiently suppresses luteal structure and function in diestrous cows","volume":"144","author":"Herzog","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.089979","article-title":"Prostaglandins regulate conceptus elongation and mediate effects of interferon tau on the ovine uterine endometrium","volume":"84","author":"Dorniak","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.109.079608","article-title":"HSD11B1, HSD11B2, PTGS2, and NR3C1 expression in the peri-implantation ovine uterus: Effects of pregnancy, progesterone, and interferon tau","volume":"82","author":"Simmons","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod61.3.563","article-title":"Cellular source in ewes of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase-2 in uterine arteries following stimulation with lipopolysaccharide","volume":"61","author":"Vagnoni","year":"1999","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"F45","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-17-0315","article-title":"Paracrine and endocrine actions of interferon tau (IFNT)","volume":"154","author":"Hansen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Brooks, K., Burns, G., and Spencer, T.E. (2014). Conceptus elongation in ruminants: Roles of progesterone, prostaglandin, interferon tau and cortisol. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-53"},{"key":"ref_38","first-page":"1142","article-title":"Acute bovine viral diarrhoea virus infection inhibits expression of interferon tau-stimulated genes in bovine endometrium","volume":"96","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2013.36","article-title":"ISG15: Leading a double life as a secreted molecule","volume":"45","author":"Bogunovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Mol. Med."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nakamura, K., Kusama, K., Bai, R., Sakurai, T., Isuzugawa, K., Godkin, J.D., Suda, Y., and Imakawa, K. (2016). Induction of IFNT-Stimulated Genes by Conceptus-Derived Exosomes during the Attachment Period. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158278"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-06-0092","article-title":"Pregnancy and interferon tau regulate RSAD2 and IFIH1 expression in the ovine uterus","volume":"133","author":"Song","year":"2007","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"ref_42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14703","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111527200","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide activates the expression of ISG15-specific protease UBP43 via interferon regulatory factor 3","volume":"277","author":"Malakhova","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e12731","DOI":"10.1111\/aji.12731","article-title":"Diversity of progesterone action on lipopolysaccharide-induced expression changes in cultured human cervical fibroblasts according to inflammation and treatment timing","volume":"78","author":"Kuwabara","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Reprod. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2023.03.011","article-title":"USP18 promotes endometrial receptivity via the JAK\/STAT1 and the ISGylation pathway","volume":"202","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Vasquez, Y.M., Wang, X., Wetendorf, M., Franco, H.L., Mo, Q., Wang, T., Lanz, R.B., Young, S.L., Lessey, B.A., and Spencer, T.E. (2018). FOXO1 regulates uterine epithelial integrity and progesterone receptor expression critical for embryo implantation. PLOS Genet., 14.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1007787"},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Johnson, G.A., Burghardt, R.C., and Bazer, F.W. (2014). Osteopontin: A leading candidate adhesion molecule for implantation in pigs and sheep. J. Anim. Sci. Biotechnol., 5.","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-5-56"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3009","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/sky103","article-title":"Integration of molecules to construct the processes of conceptus implantation to the maternal endometrium","volume":"96","author":"Imakawa","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Sci."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioaa212","article-title":"Loss of ITGB3 in ovine conceptuses decreases conceptus expression of NOS3 and SPP1: Implications for the developing placental vasculature\u2020","volume":"104","author":"Frank","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.patbio.2014.10.005","article-title":"LPS induces pro-inflammatory response in mastitis mice and mammary epithelial cells: Possible involvement of NF-\u03baB signaling and OPN","volume":"63","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pathol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3639","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.136.8.7628404","article-title":"Expression and steroid hormonal control of Muc-1 in the mouse uterus","volume":"136","author":"Surveyor","year":"1995","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.suppl_2.17","article-title":"MUC-1 glycosylation in endometrium: Possible roles of the apical glycocalyx at implantation","volume":"14","author":"Aplin","year":"2000","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.139.1.5750","article-title":"Progesterone and implanting blastocysts regulate Muc1 expression in rabbit uterine epithelium","volume":"139","author":"Hoffman","year":"1998","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod65.3.820","article-title":"Muc-1, integrin, and osteopontin expression during the implantation cascade in sheep","volume":"65","author":"Johnson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Biol. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.theriogenology.2022.04.005","article-title":"Progesterone regulates inflammation and receptivity of cells via the NF-\u03baB and LIF\/STAT3 pathways","volume":"186","author":"Feng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Theriogenology"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S162541","article-title":"GnRH agonist improves pregnancy outcome in mice with induced adenomyosis by restoring endometrial receptivity","volume":"12","author":"Guo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Drug Des. Dev. Ther."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/deu004","article-title":"Regulation of endometrial receptivity by the highly expressed HOXA9, HOXA11 and HOXD10 HOX-class homeobox genes","volume":"29","author":"Xu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Hum. Reprod."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, J.J., and Fazleabas, A.T. (2004). Uterine receptivity and implantation: The regulation and action of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), HOXA10 and forkhead transcription factor-1 (FOXO-1) in the baboon endometrium. Reprod. Biol. Endocrinol., 2.","DOI":"10.1186\/1477-7827-2-34"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2015.12.103","article-title":"Integrin \u03b1V\u03b23 and \u03b1V\u03b25 are required for leukemia inhibitory factor-mediated the adhesion of trophoblast cells to the endometrial cells","volume":"469","author":"Chung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009457016871","article-title":"Leukemia inhibitory factor expression in different endometrial locations between fertile and infertile women throughout different menstrual phases","volume":"17","author":"Tsai","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Assist. Reprod. Genet."},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1677\/joe.0.1460527","article-title":"Characterization of protein production by caprine placental membranes: Identification and immunolocalization of retinol-binding protein","volume":"146","author":"Liu","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Aisemberg, J., Vercelli, C.A., Bariani, M.V., Billi, S.C., Wolfson, M.L., and Franchi, A.M. (2013). Progesterone is essential for protecting against lps-induced pregnancy loss. LIF as a potential mediator of the anti-inflammatory effect of progesterone. PLoS ONE, 8.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0056161"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1786","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.142.5.8138","article-title":"Interferon-\u03c4 (IFN\u03c4) regulation of IFN-stimulated gene expression in cell lines lacking specific IFN-signaling components","volume":"142","author":"Stewart","year":"2001","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2020.08.006","article-title":"Peptidoglycan disrupts early embryo-maternal crosstalk via suppression of ISGs expression induced by interferon-tau in the bovine endometrium","volume":"532","author":"Zinnah","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/24\/13673\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:57:20Z","timestamp":1760115440000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/25\/24\/13673"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"references-count":63,"journal-issue":{"issue":"24","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms252413673"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms252413673","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]}}}