{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T23:05:40Z","timestamp":1781651140389,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]],"date-time":"2024-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734739200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Science and Technology Council, Taiwan","award":["111-2221-E-165-002-MY3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["111-2221-E-165-002-MY3"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Humans have long used antibiotics to fight bacteria, but increasing drug resistance has reduced their effectiveness. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising alternative with natural broad-spectrum activity against bacteria and viruses. However, their instability and hemolysis limit their medical use, making the design and improvement of AMPs a key research focus. Designing antimicrobial peptides with multiple desired properties using machine learning is still challenging, especially with limited data. This study utilized a multi-objective optimization method, the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II), to enhance the physicochemical properties of peptide sequences and identify those with improved antimicrobial activity. Combining NSGA-II with neural networks, the approach efficiently identified promising AMP candidates and accurately predicted their antibacterial effectiveness. This method significantly advances by optimizing factors like hydrophobicity, instability index, and aliphatic index to improve peptide stability. It offers a more efficient way to address the limitations of AMPs, paving the way for the development of safer and more effective antimicrobial treatments.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413688","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T04:33:29Z","timestamp":1734928409000},"page":"13688","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Multi-Objective Optimization Accelerates the De Novo Design of Antimicrobial Peptide for Staphylococcus aureus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2741-0072","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cheng-Hong","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan"},{"name":"Department of Information Management, Tainan University of Technology, Tainan 710302, Taiwan"},{"name":"Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan"},{"name":"Drug Development and Value Creation Research Centre, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-4017-0740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yi-Ling","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-9489-8303","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tin-Ho","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electronic Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung 807618, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9817-5102","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Li-Yeh","family":"Chuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chemical Engineering & Institute of Biotechnology Engineering and Chemical Engineering, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 824005, Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348235","DOI":"10.1080\/19932820.2024.2348235","article-title":"Prevalence of multi-drug resistant bacteria in intensive care units at Tripoli University Hospital, Tripoli, Libya","volume":"19","author":"Ibrahim","year":"2024","journal-title":"Libyan J. 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