{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,3]],"date-time":"2026-03-03T00:24:18Z","timestamp":1772497458882,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]],"date-time":"2024-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"Veterans Affairs Merit Review Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BX004895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX004895"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"Veterans Affairs Merit Review Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS119275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS119275"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000738","name":"Veterans Affairs Merit Review Award","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS122777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS122777"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000738","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"NIH NINDS","award":["BX004895"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BX004895"]}]},{"name":"NIH NINDS","award":["R01NS119275"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS119275"]}]},{"name":"NIH NINDS","award":["R01NS122777"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS122777"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>The cerebellum, a key target of ethanol\u2019s toxic effects, is associated with ataxia following alcohol consumption. However, the impact of ethanol on Purkinje cell (PC) mitochondria remains unclear. To investigate how ethanol administration affects mitochondrial dynamics in cerebellar Purkinje cells, we employed a transgenic mouse model expressing mitochondria-targeted yellow fluorescent protein in Purkinje cells (PC-mito-eYFP). Both male and female PC-mito-eYFP mice received an intraperitoneal injection of ethanol or vehicle. One hour after ethanol administration, the animals were perfusion fixed or their cerebellum tissue or isolated mitochondria were collected. Cerebellum sections were analyzed using confocal microscopy to assess changes in mitochondrial length distribution. In vivo superoxide levels were measured using dihydroethidium (DHE), and mitochondrial NAD levels were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our findings revealed a sex-dependent response to ethanol administration in mitochondrial size distribution. While male Purkinje cell mitochondria exhibited no significant changes in size, female mitochondria became more fragmented after one hour of ethanol administration. This coincided with elevated phosphorylation of the fission protein Drp1 and increased superoxide production, as measured by DHE fluorescence intensity. Similarly, mitochondrial NAD levels were significantly reduced in female mice, but no changes were observed in males. Our results demonstrate that ethanol induced mitochondrial fragmentation through increased free radical levels, due to reduced NAD and increased p-Drp1, in PC cells of the female cerebellum.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252413714","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,23]],"date-time":"2024-12-23T04:33:29Z","timestamp":1734928409000},"page":"13714","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Sexual Dimorphism of Ethanol-Induced Mitochondrial Dynamics in Purkinje Cells"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"25","author":[{"given":"Rehana","family":"Khatoon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordan","family":"Fick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abosede","family":"Elesinnla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jaylyn","family":"Waddell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 655 W. Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1804-8999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tibor","family":"Kristian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology and the Center for Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research (S.T.A.R.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, 685 Baltimore St., Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"},{"name":"Veterans Affairs Maryland Health Center System, 10 North Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","unstructured":"Wallgren, B.H. (1970). Ataxia and sleeping time. 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