{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:20:09Z","timestamp":1781526009112,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":118,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Down syndrome develops due to the presence of supernumerary chromosome 21. This diagnosis is made in approximately 1:800 live births. The tendency to develop autoimmune disorders like idiopathic arthritis, celiac disease, diabetes mellitus type 1, vitiligo and autoimmune thyroid disease is strongly expressed in patients with Down syndrome. Autoimmune thyroid diseases consisting of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and Graves\u2019 disease are specifically prevalent in patients with Down syndrome. The aim of our study is to collect available data connecting the pathogenesis and clinical course of autoimmune thyroid diseases in patients with Down syndrome of different ages and compare them to control groups. According to published data, the incidence ratio of Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis diagnosis in patients with Down syndrome is elevated compared to in age-matched controls without this chromosomal aberration, similarly to Graves\u2019 disease risk, which is also increased in a group of patients with Down syndrome. What is more, both Hashimoto\u2019s thyroiditis and Graves\u2019 disease are diagnosed at an earlier age than in the healthy population and are not correlated with gender or a family history of autoimmune diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T09:00:57Z","timestamp":1735030857000},"page":"29","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Autoimmune Thyroid Disease in Patients with Down Syndrome\u2014Review"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Weronika","family":"Szybiak-Skora","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Scientific Society, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-9485-8920","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wojciech","family":"Cyna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student\u2019s Scientific Society, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2386-4795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Lacka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Internal Medicine, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-355 Poznan, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1002\/bdra.20294","article-title":"National estimates and race\/ethnic-specific variation of selected birth defects in the United States, 1999\u20132001","volume":"76","author":"Canfield","year":"2006","journal-title":"Birth Defects Res. 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