{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T16:20:39Z","timestamp":1787934039023,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":163,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University, Poland","award":["SUBK.A411.23.061"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBK.A411.23.061"]}]},{"name":"Wroclaw Medical University, Poland","award":["SUBZ.A411.22.098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["SUBZ.A411.22.098"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Adipokines related to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are an emerging area of interest. The aim of this study was to evaluate the associations between GDM and adipokine levels in human milk. This was an observational cohort study targeting mothers with gestational diabetes, which evaluated the association of maternal hyperglycemia severity, classified as GDM-G1 (diet treatment) and GDM-G2 (insulin treatment), with colostral adipokines involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory processes. Colostrum was collected from hyperglycemic (N = 34) and normoglycemic (N = 26) mothers, and adipokine levels were determined by immunoenzymatic assay. Among anti-inflammatory adipokines, only for irisin and vaspin, but not for obestatin and adropin, were significantly different levels noted between the GDM-G1, GDM-G2 and non-GDM cohorts. Colostrum of the GDM-G2 subgroup contained more vaspin (4.77 ng\/mL) than that of normoglycemic mothers (3.12 ng\/mL) and more irisin (26.95 \u03bcg\/mL) than in the GDM-G1 subgroup (17.59 \u03bcg\/mL). The levels of pro-inflammatory adipokines, namely, dermcidin, chemerin and visfatin, were at similar levels irrespective of maternal glycemia. Moreover, irisin showed a negative correlation with dermcidin in GDM-G2 and non-GDM cohorts. Associations were observed between colostral irisin and maternal preconception BMI, dermcidin and gestational age, and vaspin and maternal age. This study provides evidence that the way of restoring glucose homeostasis in pregnant women has an impact on the anti-inflammatory adipokines irisin and vaspin, but not on obestatin and adropin. GDM, regardless of severity, did not influence the colostral pro-inflammatory adipokines visfatin, chemerin and dermcidin.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010040","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T09:48:58Z","timestamp":1735033738000},"page":"40","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Evaluation of Selected Pro- and Anti-Inflammatory Adipokines in Colostrum from Mothers with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6317-273X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jolanta","family":"Lis-Kuberka","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 48\/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Berghausen-Mazur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neonatology, J. Gromkowski Provincial Specialist Hospital, Koszarowa 5, 51-149 Wroclaw, Poland"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Hoene-Wro\u0144skiego 13c, 58-376 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0601-1232","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magdalena","family":"Orczyk-Pawi\u0142owicz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Chemistry and Immunochemistry, Department of Biochemistry and Immunochemistry, Wroclaw Medical University, M. Sk\u0142odowskiej-Curie 48\/50, 50-369 Wroclaw, Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.94268","article-title":"Screening in high-risk group of gestational diabetes mellitus with its maternal and fetal outcomes","volume":"16","author":"Nilofer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.96","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus: Risks and management during and after pregnancy","volume":"8","author":"Buchanan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sands\u00e6ter, H.L., Horn, J., Rich-Edwards, J.W., and Haugdahl, H.S. (2019). Preeclampsia, gestational diabetes and later risk of cardiovascular disease: Women\u2019s experiences and motivation for lifestyle changes explored in focus group interviews. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2591-1"},{"key":"ref_4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30588","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000030588","article-title":"Association between gestational diabetes mellitus and adverse obstetric outcomes among women with advanced maternal age: A retrospective cohort study","volume":"101","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref_5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bashir, M., Ibrahim, I., Eltaher, F., Beer, S., Baagar, K., Aboulfotouh, M., Konje, J.C., and Abou-Samra, A.B. (2021). Screening pregnant women in a high-risk population with WHO-2013 or NICE diagnostic criteria does not affect the prevalence of gestational diabetes. Sci. Rep., 11.","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84918-y"},{"key":"ref_6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mazumder, T., Akter, E., Rahman, S.M., Islam, M.T., and Talukder, M.R. (2022). Prevalence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus in bangladesh: Findings from demographic health survey 2017\u20132018. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19052583"},{"key":"ref_7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Modzelewski, R., Stefanowicz-Rutkowska, M.M., Matuszewski, W., and Bandurska-Stankiewicz, E.M. (2022). Gestational Diabetes Mellitus-Recent Literature Review. J. Clin. Med., 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11195736"},{"key":"ref_8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zaccara, T.A., Paganoti, C.F., Mikami, F.C.F., Francisco, R.P.V., and Costa, R.A. (2022). WHO criteria for diabetes in pregnancy: A retrospective cohort. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 22.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-04708-w"},{"key":"ref_9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2010.01140.x","article-title":"Disparities in the risk of gestational diabetes by race-ethnicity and country of birth","volume":"24","author":"Hedderson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li, G., Wei, T., Ni, W., Zhang, A., Zhang, J., Xing, Y., and Xing, Q. (2020). Incidence and risk factors of gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study in Qingdao, China. Front. Endocrinol., 11.","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.00636"},{"key":"ref_11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjco.2022.02.008","article-title":"Racial disparities in prevalence of gestational diabetes by maternal nativity and length of US residence in an urban low-income population in the United States","volume":"4","author":"Shah","year":"2022","journal-title":"CJC Open"},{"key":"ref_12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i16.1681","article-title":"Association of maternal obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus with overweight\/obesity and fatty liver risk in offspring","volume":"28","author":"Zeng","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J. Gastroenterol."},{"key":"ref_13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Diabetes Association (2010). Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 33, S62\u2013S69.","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-S062"},{"key":"ref_14","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2011). Use of Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1c) in Diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus, World Health Organisation. WHO\/NMH\/CHP\/CPM\/11.1."},{"key":"ref_15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2018.04.023","article-title":"Estimating HbA1c from timed Self-Monitored Blood Glucose values","volume":"141","author":"Fan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.4103\/2230-8210.183478","article-title":"Glycemic control and pregnancy outcomes in patients with diabetes in pregnancy: A retrospective study","volume":"20","author":"Buhary","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian. J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_582_17","article-title":"Maternal and perinatal outcome in gestational diabetes mellitus in a tertiary care hospital in Delhi","volume":"22","author":"Kumari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Contreras-Duarte, S., Carvajal, L., Garchitorena, M.J., Subiabre, M., Fuenzalida, B., Cantin, C., Far\u00edas, M., and Leiva, A. (2020). Gestational diabetes mellitus treatment schemes modify maternal plasma cholesterol levels dependent to women\u2019s weight: Possible impact on feto-placental vascular function. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12020506"},{"key":"ref_19","first-page":"e35103","article-title":"The effects of gestational diabetes on fetus: A surveillance study","volume":"15","author":"Ejaz","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref_20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Le, D.C., Vu, T.B., Tran, T.N., Nguyen, T.L., Nguyen, T.B., Nguyen, D.C., and Hoang, V.T. (2023). The effectiveness of lifestyle changes in glycemic control among pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59091587"},{"key":"ref_21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg273","article-title":"Association between gestational diabetes and pregnancy-induced hypertension","volume":"158","author":"Bryson","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.1210\/js.2017-00376","article-title":"Trends in obstetric intervention and pregnancy outcomes of canadian women with diabetes in pregnancy from 2004 to 2015","volume":"1","author":"Metcalfe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endocr. Soc."},{"key":"ref_23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e3181799d45","article-title":"Obesity-induced insulin resistance and hyperglycemia: Etiologic factors and molecular mechanisms","volume":"109","author":"Martyn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"ref_24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)60731-5","article-title":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus after gestational diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"373","author":"Bellamy","year":"2009","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref_25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Herath, H., Herath, R., and Wickremasinghe, R. (2017). Gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of type 2 diabetes 10 years after the index pregnancy in Sri Lankan women\u2014A community based retrospective cohort study. PLoS ONE, 12.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179647"},{"key":"ref_26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ22-0521","article-title":"Risk factors of neonatal hypoglycemia in neonates born to mothers with gestational diabetes","volume":"70","author":"Arimitsu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Endocr. J."},{"key":"ref_27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v6.i5.734","article-title":"What neonatal complications should the pediatrician be aware of in case of maternal gestational diabetes?","volume":"6","author":"Mitanchez","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes."},{"key":"ref_28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v12.i8.1233","article-title":"Cardiac changes in infants of diabetic mothers","volume":"12","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(88)90578-9","article-title":"The relationship between large-for-gestational-age infants and glycemic control in women with gestational diabetes","volume":"159","author":"Langer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2012.01266.x","article-title":"Antenatal haemoglobin A1c and risk of large-for-gestational-age infants in a multi-ethnic cohort of women with gestational diabetes","volume":"26","author":"Katon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Paediatr. Perinat. Epidemiol."},{"key":"ref_31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e221","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.111.3.e221","article-title":"Maternal gestational diabetes, birth weight, and adolescent obesity","volume":"111","author":"Gillman","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e290","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1808","article-title":"Metabolic syndrome in childhood: Association with birth weight, maternal obesity, and gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"115","author":"Boney","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref_33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"541308","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/541308","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and risk of childhood overweight and obesity in offspring: A systematic review","volume":"2011","author":"Kim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp. Diabetes Res."},{"key":"ref_34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12125","article-title":"Maternal obesity, gestational diabetes, breastfeeding and childhood overweight at age 2 years","volume":"12","author":"Martinez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4758-0","article-title":"Association between maternal diabetes, being large for gestational age and breast-feeding on being overweight or obese in childhood","volume":"62","author":"Kaul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"ref_36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1002\/pd.5768","article-title":"Short- and long-term outcomes of gestational diabetes and its treatment on fetal development","volume":"40","author":"Murray","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prenat. Diagn."},{"key":"ref_37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alejandro, E.U., Mamerto, T.P., Chung, G., Villavieja, A., Gaus, N.L., Morgan, E., and Pineda-Cortel, M.R.B. (2020). Gestational diabetes mellitus: A harbinger of the vicious cycle of diabetes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21145003"},{"key":"ref_38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Torres-Torres, J., Monroy-Mu\u00f1oz, I.E., Perez-Duran, J., Solis-Paredes, J.M., Camacho-Martinez, Z.A., Baca, D., Espino-y-Sosa, S., Martinez-Portilla, R., Rojas-Zepeda, L., and Borboa-Olivares, H. (2024). Cellular and molecular pathophysiology of gestational diabetes. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms252111641"},{"key":"ref_39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318256cf1a","article-title":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Maternal-Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network. Excessive early gestational weight gain and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in nulliparous women","volume":"119","author":"Carreno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obstet. Gynecol."},{"key":"ref_40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.4239\/wjd.v14.i11.1693","article-title":"Cellular and molecular overview of gestational diabetes mellitus: Is it predictable and preventable?","volume":"14","author":"Lim","year":"2023","journal-title":"World J. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3792","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2012.02.034","article-title":"Macrophage polarization: An opportunity for improved outcomes in biomaterials and regenerative medicine","volume":"33","author":"Brown","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"ref_42","first-page":"552","article-title":"Enhanced tissue regeneration through immunomodulation of angiogenesis and osteogenesis with a multifaceted nanohybrid modified bioactive scaffold","volume":"18","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioact. Mater."},{"key":"ref_43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14053","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14053","article-title":"Macrophages play a key role in tissue repair and regeneration","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Peer. J."},{"key":"ref_44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2921","article-title":"Adipokines in inflammation and metabolic disease","volume":"11","author":"Ouchi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139239","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/139239","article-title":"Adipose tissue in obesity-related inflammation and insulin resistance: Cells, cytokines, and chemokines","volume":"2013","author":"Makki","year":"2013","journal-title":"ISRN Inflamm."},{"key":"ref_46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Menendez, A., Wanczyk, H., Walker, J., Zhou, B., Santos, M., and Finck, C. (2022). Obesity and adipose tissue dysfunction: From pediatrics to adults. Genes, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/genes13101866"},{"key":"ref_47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.3892\/mmr.2024.13219","article-title":"Molecular and pathophysiological relationship between obesity and chronic inflammation in the manifestation of metabolic dysfunctions and their inflammation mediating treatment options (Review)","volume":"29","author":"Varra","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mol. Med. Rep."},{"key":"ref_48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27640","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms161126045","article-title":"Leptin promotes cPLA2 gene expression through activation of the MAPK\/NF-\u039aB\/P300 cascade","volume":"16","author":"Hsu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.2147\/ITT.S73223","article-title":"The role of adipokines in chronic inflammation","volume":"5","author":"Mancuso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Immunotargets Ther."},{"key":"ref_50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Clemente-Su\u00e1rez, V.J., Redondo-Fl\u00f3rez, L., Beltr\u00e1n-Velasco, A.I., Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez, A., Mart\u00ednez-Guardado, I., Navarro-Jim\u00e9nez, E., Laborde-C\u00e1rdenas, C.C., and Tornero-Aguilera, J.F. (2023). The role of adipokines in health and disease. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11051290"},{"key":"ref_51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kirichenko, T.V., Markina, Y.V., Bogatyreva, A.I., Tolstik, T.V., Varaeva, Y.R., and Starodubova, A.V. (2022). The Role of Adipokines in Inflammatory Mechanisms of Obesity. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232314982"},{"key":"ref_52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1007\/s11434-015-0951-4","article-title":"Leptin in normal physiology and leptin resistance","volume":"61","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci. Bull."},{"key":"ref_53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Socol, C.T., Chira, A., Martinez-Sanchez, M.A., Nu\u00f1ez-Sanchez, M.A., Maerescu, C.M., Mierlita, D., Rusu, A.V., Ruiz-Alcaraz, A.J., Trif, M., and Ramos-Molina, B. (2022). Leptin signaling in obesity and colorectal cancer. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23094713"},{"key":"ref_54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kugananthan, S., Gridneva, Z., Lai, C.T., Hepworth, A.R., Mark, P.J., Kakulas, F., and Geddes, D.T. (2017). Associations between maternal body composition and appetite hormones and macronutrients in human milk. Nutrients, 9.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9030252"},{"key":"ref_55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3717","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-021-02533-z","article-title":"Appetite-regulating hormone trajectories and relationships with fat mass development in term-born infants during the first 6 months of life","volume":"60","author":"Kerkhof","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2021.0149","article-title":"A review of the relationship between the appetite-regulating hormone leptin present in human milk and infant growth","volume":"17","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Christensen, S.H., Lewis, J.I., Larnkj\u00e6r, A., Fr\u00f8ki\u00e6r, H., Allen, L.H., M\u00f8lgaard, C., and Michaelsen, K.F. (2022). Associations between maternal adiposity and appetite-regulating hormones in human milk are mediated through maternal circulating concentrations and might affect infant outcomes. Front. Nutr., 9.","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1025439"},{"key":"ref_58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lis-Kuberka, J., Berghausen-Mazur, M., and Orczyk-Pawi\u0142owicz, M. (2024). Gestational diabetes mellitus and colostral appetite-regulating adipokines. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25073853"},{"key":"ref_59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2014.03.021","article-title":"Three new players in energy regulation: Preptin, adropin and irisin","volume":"56","author":"Aydin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2165","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13502","article-title":"Obestatin as a key regulator of metabolism and cardiovascular function with emerging therapeutic potential for diabetes","volume":"173","author":"Cowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sengupta, P., Dutta, S., Karkada, I.R., Akhigbe, R.E., and Chinni, S.V. (2021). Irisin, energy homeostasis and male reproduction. Front. Physiol., 12.","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2021.746049"},{"key":"ref_62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2010.04.008","article-title":"Vaspin and visfatin\/Nampt are interesting interrelated adipokines playing a role in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"60","author":"Kassem","year":"2011","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Yin, C., Hu, W., Wang, M., and Xiao, Y. (2019). The role of the adipocytokines vaspin and visfatin in vascular endothelial function and insulin resistance in obese children. BMC Endocr. Disord., 19.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-019-0452-6"},{"key":"ref_64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/jdi.13385","article-title":"Serum vaspin levels are positively associated with diabetic retinopathy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"12","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Diabetes Investig."},{"key":"ref_65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334419837523","article-title":"Chemerin and dermcidin in human milk and their alteration in gestational diabetes","volume":"35","author":"Ustebay","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Hum. Lact."},{"key":"ref_66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1111\/jog.15942","article-title":"The association between leptin and diabetes: A meta-analysis","volume":"50","author":"Wu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Obstet. Gynaecol. Res."},{"key":"ref_67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.2337\/dc08-1625","article-title":"Circulating levels of resistin and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women: Results from two prospective cohorts","volume":"32","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mukherji, A.B., Idowu, V., Zhao, L., Leung, L.L.K., Shen, S., Palaniappan, L., and Morser, J. (2024). Chemerin levels in individuals with type 2 diabetes and a normal weight versus individuals with type 2 diabetes and obesity: An observational, cross-sectional study. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12050983"},{"key":"ref_69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-019-0455-5","article-title":"Association between serum visfatin levels and atherosclerotic plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Zheng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetol. Metab. Syndr."},{"key":"ref_70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2014.38.2.143","article-title":"Association of vaspin with metabolic syndrome: The pivotal role of insulin resistance","volume":"38","author":"Esteghamati","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"ref_71","first-page":"299","article-title":"Serum caveolin-1 level is inversely associated with serum vaspin, visfatin, and HbA1c in newly diagnosed men with type-2 diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Ali","year":"2022","journal-title":"Rep. Biochem. Mol. Biol."},{"key":"ref_72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2775","article-title":"Look AHEAD (Action for Health in Diabetes) Research Group. Improving adiponectin levels in individuals with diabetes and obesity: Insights from look AHEAD","volume":"38","author":"Belalcazar","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2019-00074","article-title":"Ghrelin\u2019s relationship to blood glucose","volume":"160","author":"Mani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocrinology"},{"key":"ref_74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Marrano, N., Biondi, G., Borrelli, A., Cignarelli, A., Perrini, S., Laviola, L., Giorgino, F., and Natalicchio, A. (2021). Irisin and incretin hormones: Similarities, differences, and implications in type 2 diabetes and obesity. Biomolecules, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11020286"},{"key":"ref_75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.2007.02776.x","article-title":"Circulating obestatin levels in normal subjects and in patients with impaired glucose regulation and type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"66","author":"Qi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1515\/jpm-2012-0227","article-title":"Maternal and fetal adropin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"41","author":"Celik","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Perinat. Med."},{"key":"ref_77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Soltani, S., Beigrezaei, S., Malekahmadi, M., Clark, C.C.T., and Abdollahi, S. (2023). Circulating levels of adropin and diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. BMC Endocr. Disord., 23.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12902-023-01327-0"},{"key":"ref_78","first-page":"15347346211065527","article-title":"Association between dermcidin, salusin-\u03b1, salusin-\u03b2 molecules and diabetic foot infections","volume":"20","author":"Akbulut","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int. J. Low. Extrem. Wounds"},{"key":"ref_79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pilarski, \u0141., Pelczy\u0144ska, M., Koperska, A., Seraszek-Jaros, A., Szuli\u0144ska, M., and Bogda\u0144ski, P. (2023). Association of serum vaspin concentration with metabolic disorders in obese individuals. Biomolecules, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13030508"},{"key":"ref_80","first-page":"141","article-title":"Visfatin serum levels in obese type 2 diabetic patients: Relation to proinflammatory cytokines and insulin resistance","volume":"25","author":"Hetta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Egypt. J. Immunol."},{"key":"ref_81","first-page":"126","article-title":"Circulating IL-6, clusterin and irisin in obese subjects with different grades of obesity: Association with insulin resistance and sexual dimorphism","volume":"65","author":"Werida","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e130","DOI":"10.1038\/nutd.2014.27","article-title":"Circulating adiponectin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in the Japanese","volume":"4","author":"Yamamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3930","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-0389","article-title":"Low prepregnancy adiponectin concentrations are associated with a marked increase in risk for development of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"36","author":"Hedderson","year":"2013","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"ref_84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kami\u0144ski, M., Mierzy\u0144ski, R., Poniedzia\u0142ek-Czajkowska, E., Sadowska, A., Sotowski, M., and Leszczy\u0144ska-Gorzelak, B. (2023). Comparative evaluation of adipokine metrics for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 25.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25010175"},{"key":"ref_85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Chu, S.H., Lee, M.K., Ahn, K.Y., Im, J.A., Park, M.S., Lee, D.C., Jeon, J.Y., and Lee, J.W. (2012). Chemerin and adiponectin contribute reciprocally to metabolic syndrome. PLoS ONE, 7.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0034710"},{"key":"ref_86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1462","DOI":"10.1177\/1933719118770547","article-title":"Adiponectin and chemerin: Contrary adipokines in regulating reproduction and metabolic disorders","volume":"25","author":"Singh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Reprod. Sci."},{"key":"ref_87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2731","DOI":"10.2337\/db09-0277","article-title":"Chemerin is a novel adipocyte-derived factor inducing insulin resistance in primary human skeletal muscle cells","volume":"58","author":"Sell","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Begum, M., Choubey, M., Tirumalasetty, M.B., Arbee, S., Mohib, M.M., Wahiduzzaman, M., Mamun, M.A., Uddin, M.B., and Mohiuddin, M.S. (2023). Adiponectin: A promising target for the treatment of diabetes and its complications. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.20944\/preprints202310.0782.v1"},{"key":"ref_89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhao, L., Zhou, J., Abbasi, F., Fathzadeh, M., Knowles, J.W., Leung, L.L.K., and Morser, J. (2024). Chemerin in participants with or without insulin resistance and diabetes. Biomedicines, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines12040924"},{"key":"ref_90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tan, L., Lu, X., Danser, A.H.J., and Verdonk, K. (2023). The role of chemerin in metabolic and cardiovascular disease: A literature review of its physiology and pathology from a nutritional perspective. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15132878"},{"key":"ref_91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kurowska, P., Mlyczy\u0144ska, E., Dawid, M., Jurek, M., Klimczyk, D., Dupont, J., and Rak, A. (2021). Review: Vaspin (SERPINA12) expression and function in endocrine cells. Cells, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10071710"},{"key":"ref_92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/s10911-017-9382-y","article-title":"Impact of metabolic hormones secreted in human breast milk on nutritional programming in childhood obesity","volume":"22","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Mammary Gland. Biol. Neoplasia"},{"key":"ref_93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gridneva, Z., Kugananthan, S., Rea, A., Lai, C.T., Ward, L.C., Murray, K., Hartmann, P.E., and Geddes, D.T. (2018). Human milk adiponectin and leptin and infant body composition over the first 12 months of lactation. Nutrients, 10.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10081125"},{"key":"ref_94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eliana, U.D., and Fly, A.D. (2019). The function and alteration of immunological properties in human milk of obese mothers. Nutrients, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11061284"},{"key":"ref_95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Suwaydi, M.A., Zhou, X., Perrella, S.L., Wlodek, M.E., Lai, C.T., Gridneva, Z., and Geddes, D.T. (2022). The impact of gestational diabetes mellitus on human milk metabolic hormones: A systematic review. Nutrients, 14.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14173620"},{"key":"ref_96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114521002932","article-title":"The association of pre-pregnancy BMI on leptin, ghrelin, adiponectin and insulin-like growth factor-1 in breast milk: A case-control study","volume":"127","author":"Koc","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lis-Kuberka, J., Pupek, M., and Orczyk-Pawi\u0142owicz, M. (2023). The mother-child dyad adipokine pattern: A review of current knowledge. Nutrients, 15.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15184059"},{"key":"ref_98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moyce Gruber, B.L., and Dolinsky, V.W. (2023). The Role of adiponectin during pregnancy and gestational diabetes. Life, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/life13020301"},{"key":"ref_99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12277","article-title":"Breastfeeding and growth during infancy among offspring of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus: A prospective cohort study","volume":"13","author":"Gunderson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr. Obes."},{"key":"ref_100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2017.0335","article-title":"Full Breastfeeding and Obesity in Children: A Prospective Study from Birth to 6 Years","volume":"14","author":"Kloosterman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Child. Obes."},{"key":"ref_101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Barbagallo, F., Cannarella, R., Garofalo, V., Marino, M., La Vignera, S., Condorelli, R.A., Tiranini, L., Nappi, R.E., and Calogero, A.E. (2023). The role of irisin throughout women\u2019s life Span. Biomedicines, 11.","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11123260"},{"key":"ref_102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"M\u00f3l, N., Zasada, M., Tomasik, P., Klimasz, K., and Kwinta, P. (2018). Evaluation of irisin and visfatin levels in very low birth weight preterm newborns compared to full term newborns-a prospective cohort study. PLoS ONE, 13.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0204835"},{"key":"ref_103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431x20143432","article-title":"Plasma levels and placental expression of vaspin in pregnant women with diabetes mellitus","volume":"48","author":"Huo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz. J. Med. Biol. Res."},{"key":"ref_104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.4274\/jcrpe.galenos.2018.2018.0141","article-title":"Vaspin, a compensatory mechanism against high glucose levels since birth?","volume":"11","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Clin. Res. Pediatr. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2013.12.025","article-title":"Maternal serum and fetal cord blood irisin levels in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"104","author":"Yuksel","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wawrusiewicz-Kurylonek, N., Telejko, B., Kuzmicki, M., Sobota, A., Lipinska, D., Pliszka, J., Raczkowska, B., Kuc, P., Urban, R., and Szamatowicz, J. (2015). Increased maternal and cord blood betatrophin in gestational diabetes. PLoS ONE, 10.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131171"},{"key":"ref_107","first-page":"1954","article-title":"Cord blood and maternal serum preptin and irisin concentrations are regulated independently in GDM","volume":"25","author":"Ersahin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"ref_108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2013.07.001","article-title":"Copeptin, adropin and irisin concentrations in breast milk and plasma of healthy women and those with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"47","author":"Aydin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Peptides"},{"key":"ref_109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2993","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2018.1454422","article-title":"Colostrum and mature breast milk analysis of serum irisin and sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c in gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"32","author":"Fatima","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Matern. Fetal Neonatal Med."},{"key":"ref_110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1289","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-2932","article-title":"Serum irisin levels are regulated by acute strenuous exercise","volume":"100","author":"Scheuermann","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"ref_111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Elizondo-Montemayor, L., Mendoza-Lara, G., Gutierrez-DelBosque, G., Peschard-Franco, M., Nieblas, B., and Garcia-Rivas, G. (2018). Relationship of circulating irisin with body composition, physical activity, and cardiovascular and metabolic disorders in the pediatric population. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19123727"},{"key":"ref_112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Esin, K., Batirel, S., \u00dclfer, G., Yigit, P., and Sanlier, N. (2023). Association of serum irisin levels with body composition, metabolic profile, leptin, and adiponectin levels in lean and obese children. Medicina, 59.","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina59111954"},{"key":"ref_113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2020.08.045","article-title":"Irisin level and neonatal birthweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"254","author":"Shan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol."},{"key":"ref_114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hernandez-Trejo, M., Garcia-Rivas, G., Torres-Quintanilla, A., and Laresgoiti-Servitje, E. (2016). Relationship between irisin concentration and serum cytokines in mother and newborn. PLoS ONE, 11.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0165229"},{"key":"ref_115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e370","DOI":"10.1002\/edm2.370","article-title":"Comparison irisin peptide serum level in pregnant women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus: A case-control study","volume":"5","author":"Khorasani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Endocrinol. Diabetes Metab."},{"key":"ref_116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1444","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v7.i12.1444","article-title":"Relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight\/obesity: A meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Jia","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J. Clin. Cases"},{"key":"ref_117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Dimova, R., and Tankova, T. (2015). The role of vaspin in the development of metabolic and glucose tolerance disorders and atherosclerosis. Biomed. Res. Int., 2015.","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/823481"},{"key":"ref_118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.2337\/db07-1045","article-title":"Serum vaspin concentrations in human obesity and type 2 diabetes","volume":"57","author":"Youn","year":"2008","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref_119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2009.11.001","article-title":"Preliminary report: Circulating levels of the adipokine vaspin in gestational diabetes mellitus and preeclampsia","volume":"59","author":"Stepan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref_120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2012.09.006","article-title":"Serum vaspin levels in women with and without gestational diabetes mellitus during pregnancy and postpartum","volume":"61","author":"Gkiomisi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"ref_121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s40618-016-0533-6","article-title":"Impact of age on plasma vaspin concentration in a group of normal Chinese people","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol. Investig."},{"key":"ref_122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Villarreal, D., Pradhan, G., Zhou, Y., Xue, B., and Sun, Y. (2022). Diverse and complementary effects of ghrelin and obestatin. Biomolecules, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12040517"},{"key":"ref_123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2011.08.1131","article-title":"Changes in serum obestatin, preptin and ghrelins in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"45","author":"Baykus","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"ref_124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1117255","article-title":"Obestatin, a peptide encoded by the ghrelin gene, opposes ghrelin\u2019s effects on food intake","volume":"310","author":"Zhang","year":"2005","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"ref_125","first-page":"74","article-title":"Clinical Study of Obestatin Hormone and its Relation to Diabetes Mellitus","volume":"4","author":"Allwsh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Raf. J. Sci."},{"key":"ref_126","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2008.03.020","article-title":"Presence of obestatin in breast milk: Relationship among obestatin, ghrelin, and leptin in lactating women","volume":"24","author":"Aydin","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nutrition"},{"key":"ref_127","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.22358\/jafs\/89734\/2018","article-title":"Exogenous obestatin affects pancreatic enzyme secretion in rat through two opposite mechanisms, direct inhibition and vagally-mediated stimulation","volume":"27","author":"Kapica","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Anim. Feed Sci."},{"key":"ref_128","first-page":"693","article-title":"Influence of preterm delivery on ghrelin and obestatin concentrations in maternal plasm, milk and their expression in mammary epithelial cells","volume":"68","author":"Wolinski","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"ref_129","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"BR196","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.881897","article-title":"Administration of obestatin accelerates the healing of chronic gastric ulcers in rats","volume":"17","author":"Dembinski","year":"2011","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Monit."},{"key":"ref_130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Konarska, K., Cieszkowski, J., Warzecha, Z., Ceranowicz, P., Chmura, A., Kusnierz-Cabala, B., Galazka, K., Kowalczyk, P., Miskiewicz, A., and Konturek, T.J. (2018). Treatment with obestatin-a Ghrelin gene-encoded peptide-reduces the severity of experimental colitis evoked by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 19.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19061643"},{"key":"ref_131","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1676491","article-title":"Obestatin reduces intestinal damage in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis in newborn Rats","volume":"36","author":"Korkut","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am. J. Perinatol."},{"key":"ref_132","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1394","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2012.31","article-title":"Adropin deficiency is associated with increased adiposity and insulin resistance","volume":"20","author":"Zhang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref_133","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e14043","DOI":"10.14814\/phy2.14043","article-title":"Adropin reduces blood glucose levels in mice by limiting hepatic glucose production","volume":"7","author":"Thapa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Physiol. Rep."},{"key":"ref_134","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2022.0031","article-title":"Adropin in pregnancy complicated by hyperglycemia and obesity\u2014A preliminary study","volume":"94","author":"Adamczak","year":"2023","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/09513590.2021.1963703","article-title":"Maternal adropin levels in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"38","author":"Vivek","year":"2022","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_136","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.3109\/09513590.2015.1081681","article-title":"Association between serum adropin levels and gestational diabetes mellitus; a case-control study","volume":"31","author":"Beigi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gynecol. Endocrinol."},{"key":"ref_137","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2008.10.011","article-title":"Identification of adropin as a secreted factor linking dietary macronutrient intake with energy homeostasis and lipid metabolism","volume":"8","author":"Kumar","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"ref_138","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ali, I.I., D\u2019Souza, C., Singh, J., and Adeghate, E. (2022). Adropin\u2019s Role in Energy Homeostasis and Metabolic Disorders. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 23.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23158318"},{"key":"ref_139","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fshw.2022.06.002","article-title":"Adropin as an indicator of T2DM and its complications. Food Sci","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Hum. Wellness"},{"key":"ref_140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Semwal, D.K., Semwal, R.B., Combrinck, S., and Viljoen, A. (2016). Myricetin: A dietary molecule with diverse biological activities. Nutrients, 8.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8020090"},{"key":"ref_141","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1947","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13755","article-title":"Effects of myricetin-containing ethanol solution on high-fat diet induced obese rats","volume":"82","author":"Lee","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Food Sci."},{"key":"ref_142","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Butler, A.A., St-Onge, M.P., Siebert, E.A., Medici, V., Stanhope, K.L., and Havel, P.J. (2015). Differential responses of plasma adropin concentrations to dietary glucose or fructose consumption in humans. Sci. Rep., 5.","DOI":"10.1038\/srep14691"},{"key":"ref_143","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-018-9470-3","article-title":"Effects of probiotic yogurt on serum omentin-1, adropin, and nesfatin-1 concentrations in overweight and obese participants under low-calorie diet","volume":"11","author":"Zarrati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Probiotics Antimicrob. Proteins"},{"key":"ref_144","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2011.06.009","article-title":"Visfatin is secreted into the breast milk and is correlated with weight changes of the infant after the birth","volume":"96","author":"Bienert","year":"2012","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"ref_145","unstructured":"(2024, December 09). Visfatin and Omentin-1\u2014Markers of Nutritional Status of Newborns Born to Diabetic Mothers, Available online: https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/."},{"key":"ref_146","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gutaj, P., Sibiak, R., Jankowski, M., Awdi, K., Bryl, R., Mozdziak, P., Kempisty, B., and Wender-Ozegowska, E. (2020). The Role of the Adipokines in the Most Common Gestational Complications. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 21.","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21249408"},{"key":"ref_147","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1017\/S2040174421000118","article-title":"Association of chemerin gene promoter methylation in maternal blood and breast milk during gestational diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Fatima","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Dev. Orig. Health Dis."},{"key":"ref_148","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.imlet.2022.09.008","article-title":"Dermcidin-derived polypeptides: DCD(86\u2013103) induced inflammatory reaction in the skin by activation of mast cells via ST2","volume":"251\u2013252","author":"Che","year":"2022","journal-title":"Immunol. Lett."},{"key":"ref_149","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Peila, C., Gazzolo, D., Bertino, E., Cresi, F., and Coscia, A. (2020). Influence of diabetes during pregnancy on human milk composition. Nutrients, 12.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12010185"},{"key":"ref_150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2014.12.012","article-title":"The secrets of dermcidin action","volume":"305","author":"Burian","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Med. Microbiol."},{"key":"ref_151","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1042\/CS20200895","article-title":"The complex role of adipokines in obesity, inflammation, and autoimmunity","volume":"135","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin. Sci."},{"key":"ref_152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.18585\/inabj.v4i1.161","article-title":"The dynamic roles of visfatin and obestatin serum concentration in pancreatic beta cells dysfunction (HOMA-beta) and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in centrally obese men","volume":"4","author":"Putera","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indones. Biomed. J."},{"key":"ref_153","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100053","article-title":"The association of maternal obesity and race with serum adipokines in pregnancy and postpartum: Implications for gestational weight gain and infant birth weight","volume":"3","author":"Jara","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun. Health"},{"key":"ref_154","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ruiz, L., Espinosa-Martos, I., Garc\u00eda-Carral, C., Manzano, S., McGuire, M.K., Meehan, C.L., McGuire, M.A., Williams, J.E., Foster, J., and Sellen, D.W. (2017). What\u2019s normal? Immune profiling of human milk from healthy women living in different geographical and socioeconomic settings. Front. Immunol., 8.","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.00696"},{"key":"ref_155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13090","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13090","article-title":"The effects of physical activity on adipokines in individuals with overweight\/obesity across the lifespan: A narrative review","volume":"22","author":"Saeidi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref_156","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smhs.2022.01.001","article-title":"Exercise training modulates adipokine dysregulations in metabolic syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Babaei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Sports Med. Health Sci."},{"key":"ref_157","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-03055-y","article-title":"Adipocytokine plasma level changes in a 24-month dietary and physical activity randomised intervention trial in postmenopausal women","volume":"62","author":"Bendinelli","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur. J. Nutr."},{"key":"ref_158","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus (2003). Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care, 1, S5\u2013S20.","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.26.2007.S5"},{"key":"ref_159","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.5603\/GP.a2018.0059","article-title":"Standards of Polish Society of Gynecologists and Obstetricians in management of women with diabetes","volume":"89","author":"Celewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ginekol. Pol."},{"key":"ref_160","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines on the management of diabetic patients. A position of Diabetes Poland","volume":"9","author":"Araszkiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin. Diabetol."},{"key":"ref_161","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lis-Kuberka, J., Berghausen-Mazur, M., and Orczyk-Pawi\u0142owicz, M. (2021). Lactoferrin and immunoglobulin concentrations in milk of gestational diabetic mothers. Nutrients, 13.","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13030818"},{"key":"ref_162","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1089\/bfm.2008.0137","article-title":"Human milk adiponectin is associated with infant growth in two independent cohorts","volume":"4","author":"Woo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Breastfeed. Med."},{"key":"ref_163","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1016\/j.beem.2018.02.001","article-title":"Adipokines in human breast milk","volume":"32","author":"Kratzsch","year":"2018","journal-title":"Best. Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Molecular Sciences"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/1\/40\/pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,10]],"date-time":"2025-10-10T16:59:21Z","timestamp":1760115561000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.mdpi.com\/1422-0067\/26\/1\/40"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"references-count":163,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["ijms26010040"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26010040","relation":{},"ISSN":["1422-0067"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1422-0067","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]}}}