{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T03:28:12Z","timestamp":1772681292830,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734998400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"European Union-NextGenerationEU, Mission 4, Component 1, under the Italian Ministry of Research (MUR) National Innovation Ecosystem","award":["ECS00000041-Vitality"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ECS00000041-Vitality"]}]},{"name":"European Union-NextGenerationEU, Mission 4, Component 1, under the Italian Ministry of Research (MUR) National Innovation Ecosystem","award":["CUP: D73C22000840006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CUP: D73C22000840006"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dental inflammatory diseases remain a challenging clinical issue, whose causes and development are still not fully understood. During dental caries, bacteria penetrate the tooth pulp, causing pulpitis. To prevent pulp necrosis, it is crucial to promote tissue repair by recruiting immune cells, such as macrophages, able to secrete signal molecules for the pulp microenvironment and thus to recruit dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in the damaged site. To date, root canal therapy is the standard for dental caries, but alternative regenerative treatments are gaining attention. Complex Multifrequency Magnetoelectric Fields (CMFs) represent an interesting tool due to their potential anti-inflammatory activity. Against this background, the present work aims at investigating whether the CMF treatment might restore redox balance in a co-culture model of DPSCs and inflamed macrophages mimicking an inflammatory condition, like pulpitis. Results show that superoxide anion levels and markers related to the polarization of macrophages are modulated by the CMF treatment. In parallel, the use of CMFs discloses an impact on the odontogenic commitment of DPSCs, their immunophenotype being considerably modified. In conclusion, CMFs, by modulating the odontogenic commitment and the anti-inflammatory response of DPSCs, might represent a suitable therapeutic tool against pulpitis and, in general, towards dental inflammatory diseases.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010048","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]],"date-time":"2024-12-24T09:48:58Z","timestamp":1735033738000},"page":"48","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The Immunophenotype and the Odontogenic Commitment of Dental Pulp Stem Cells Co-Cultured with Macrophages Under Inflammatory Conditions Is Modulated by Complex Magnetic Fields"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2283-4159","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marialucia","family":"Gallorini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-0423-5804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noemi","family":"Mencarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9720-2116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalia","family":"Di Pietro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3332-993X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Viviana","family":"di Giacomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1705-6943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susi","family":"Zara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9033-0104","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessia","family":"Ricci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-8137-3366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monica","family":"Rapino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genetic Molecular Institute of CNR, Unit of Chieti, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adriano","family":"Piattelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University Rome, Via di Sant\u2019Alessandro, 00131 Rome, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3493-0647","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Cipollina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Independent Researcher, 92019 Sciacca, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia","family":"Cataldi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"},{"name":"UdA Tech Lab, \u201cG. d\u2019Annunzio\u201d University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e17953","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.17953","article-title":"The Role of NF-kappaB in the Inflammatory Processes Related to Dental Caries, Pulpitis, Apical Periodontitis, and Periodontitis\u2014A Narrative Review","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"ref_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2021.12.006","article-title":"bFGF Stimulated Plasminogen Activation Factors, but Inhibited Alkaline Phosphatase and SPARC in Stem Cells from Apical Papilla: Involvement of MEK\/ERK, TAK1 and P38 Signaling","volume":"40","author":"Chang","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. 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