{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T02:39:39Z","timestamp":1784255979507,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]],"date-time":"2024-12-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735344000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"The Slovenian Research and Innovation Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3-0289"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0289"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Flow cytometric (FC) immunophenotyping and T-cell receptor (TCR) gene rearrangement studies are essential ancillary methods for the characterisation of T-cell lymphomas. Traditional manual gating and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based analyses can be labour-intensive, operator-dependent, and have limitations in terms of sensitivity and specificity. The objective of our study was to investigate the efficacy of the Phenograph and t-SNE algorithms together with an antibody specific for the TCR \u03b2-chain constant region 1 (TRBC1) to identify monoclonal T-cell populations. FC- and PCR-based clonality analyses were performed on 275 samples of T-cell lymphomas, B-cell lymphomas, and reactive lymphocytic proliferations. Monotypic T-cell populations were identified in 65.1% of samples by manual gating and 72.4% by algorithm-driven analysis, while PCR-based analysis detected clonal T cells in 68.0%. Of the 262 monotypic populations identified, 46.6% were classified as T-cell lymphomas and 53.4% as T-cell populations of uncertain significance (T-CUS). Algorithm-driven gating identified monotypic populations that were overlooked by manual gating or PCR-based methods. The study highlights the difficulty in distinguishing monotypic populations as T-cell lymphoma or T-CUS. Further research is needed to establish criteria for distinguishing between these populations and to improve FC diagnostic accuracy.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T07:34:19Z","timestamp":1735630459000},"page":"170","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Clustering Algorithm-Driven Detection of TRBC1-Restricted Clonal T-Cell Populations Produces Better Results than Manual Gating Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Simon","family":"Bu\u010dek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova Ulica 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreja","family":"Bro\u017ei\u010d","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova Ulica 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Miceska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Korytkova Ulica 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8332-3627","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gorana","family":"Ga\u0161ljevi\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, Institute of Oncology, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0605-6596","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Veronika","family":"Kloboves Prevodnik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cytopathology, Institute of Oncology, Zalo\u0161ka Cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine, University of Maribor, Taborska Ulica 8, 2000 Maribor, Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1008265532487","article-title":"Epidemiology of the Non-Hodgkin\u2019s Lymphomas: Distributions of the Major Subtypes Differ by Geographic Locations","volume":"9","author":"Anderson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann. 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