{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T16:33:47Z","timestamp":1787762027602,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":82,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]],"date-time":"2024-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735516800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation\/State Research Agency","award":["PID2021-124062NB-I00"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PID2021-124062NB-I00"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) from Candida albicans can elicit immune responses, positioning them as promising acellular vaccine candidates. We characterized EVs from an avirulent C. albicans cell wall mutant (ecm33\u0394) and evaluated their protective potential against invasive candidiasis. EVs from the yeast (YEVs) and hyphal (HEVs) forms of the SC5314 wild-type strain were also tested, yielding high survival rates with SC5314 YEV (91%) and ecm33 YEV immunization (64%). Surprisingly, HEV immunization showed a dual effect, resulting in 36% protection but also causing premature death in some mice. Proteomic analyses revealed distinct profiles among the top 100 proteins in the different EVs, which may explain these effects: a shared core of 50 immunogenic proteins such as Pgk1, Cdc19, and Fba1; unique, relevant immunogenic proteins in SC5314 YEVs; and proteins linked to pathogenesis, like Ece1 in SC5314 HEVs. Sera from SC5314 YEV-immunized mice showed the highest IgG2a titers and moderate IL-17, IFN-\u03b3, and TNF-\u03b1 levels, indicating the importance of both humoral and cellular responses for protection. These findings highlight the distinct immunogenic properties of C. albicans EVs, suggesting their potential in acellular vaccine development while emphasizing the need to carefully evaluate pathogenic risks associated with certain EVs.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010244","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T07:51:57Z","timestamp":1735631517000},"page":"244","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["From High Protection to Lethal Effect: Diverse Outcomes of Immunization Against Invasive Candidiasis with Different Candida albicans Extracellular Vesicles"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3344-0331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Raquel","family":"Mart\u00ednez-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty at Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gloria","family":"Molero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty at Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudia Marcela","family":"Parra-Giraldo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty at Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6310-0506","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mat\u00edas Sebasti\u00e1n","family":"Cabeza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mycology and Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Biochemistry and Biological Science Faculty, Nacional del Litoral University, Santa Fe 3000, Argentina"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1508-6228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guillermo","family":"Castej\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty at Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0668-0903","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carmen","family":"Garc\u00eda-Dur\u00e1n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty at Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luis Felipe","family":"Clemente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Facility, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7292-1288","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mar\u00eda Luisa","family":"Hern\u00e1ez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Proteomics Facility, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3137-2600","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Concha","family":"Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty at Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"},{"name":"Proteomics Facility, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4949-0664","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Monteoliva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Pharmacy Faculty at Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e428","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(23)00692-8","article-title":"Global incidence and mortality of severe fungal disease","volume":"24","author":"Denning","year":"2024","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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