{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T00:06:48Z","timestamp":1771459608256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1735603200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Splanchnic vein thrombosis (SVT), which is particularly prevalent in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), has a multifactorial pathomechanism involving the anticoagulant protein C (PC) pathway. To better characterize the hypercoagulable state in SVT we assessed its key enzymes thrombin and activated PC (APC). The study population included 73 patients with SVT, thereof 36 MPN+, confirmed by bone marrow biopsy, 37 MPN\u2212, and 30 healthy controls. Direct measurement of the active enzyme forms of thrombin and APC in the circulation was achieved by using oligonucleotide-based enzyme capture assays (OECA). Additionally, activation markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis were measured. Plasma levels of free thrombin and APC were higher in the MPN+ than in the MPN\u2212 cohort, with 0.49 vs. &lt;0.46 pmol\/L (p = 0.0057), respectively, 1.23 vs. 0.58 pmol\/L (p = 0.0122), and in healthy controls (vs. &lt;0.46 pmol\/L, p = 0.0012; vs. 0.54 pmol\/L, p = 0.0035). The indirect activation markers prothrombin fragment 1+2, thrombin-antithrombin complex, and D-dimer did not differ between groups. Receiver operating characteristic analysis suggested that SVT patients with MPN can be better distinguished by APC than by conventional indirect thrombin markers. A potential application of these biomarkers to guide anticoagulant therapy and to investigate the role of the PC pathway in MPN-associated hypercoagulability should be further studied.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010292","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]],"date-time":"2024-12-31T12:37:19Z","timestamp":1735648639000},"page":"292","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Assessment of Hypercoagulability in Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis by Measurement of the Hemostasis Enzymes Thrombin and Activated Protein C"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-2650-4356","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Reda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"},{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9635-8901","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Johanna","family":"Busse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3028-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nadine","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5216-6270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah L.","family":"McRae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7713-9631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"M\u00fcller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian P.","family":"Strassburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1585-4100","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Johannes","family":"Oldenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bernd","family":"P\u00f6tzsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4475-9644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christian","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0672-2453","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heiko","family":"R\u00fchl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Experimental Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1550439","article-title":"Splanchnic Vein Thrombosis","volume":"41","author":"Valla","year":"2015","journal-title":"Semin. 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