{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T00:25:29Z","timestamp":1789431929546,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":474,"publisher":"MDPI AG","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]],"date-time":"2025-01-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1736035200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["398066876\/GRK 2485\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["398066876\/GRK 2485\/2"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001659","name":"German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG)","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["491094227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491094227"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation","award":["398066876\/GRK 2485\/2"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["398066876\/GRK 2485\/2"]}]},{"name":"University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover Foundation","award":["491094227"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["491094227"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["IJMS"],"abstract":"<jats:p>Respiratory viral infections continue to cause pandemic and epidemic outbreaks in humans and animals. Under steady-state conditions, alveolar macrophages (AlvM\u03d5) fulfill a multitude of tasks in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. Due to their anatomic localization within the deep lung, AlvM\u03d5 are prone to detect and react to inhaled viruses and thus play a role in the early pathogenesis of several respiratory viral infections. Here, detection of viral pathogens causes diverse antiviral and proinflammatory reactions. This fact not only makes them promising research targets, but also suggests them as potential targets for therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. This review aims to give a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge about the role of AlvM\u03d5 in respiratory viral infections of humans and animals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms26010407","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,6]],"date-time":"2025-01-06T08:08:52Z","timestamp":1736150932000},"page":"407","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/mdpi_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Alveolar Macrophages in Viral Respiratory Infections: Sentinels and Saboteurs of Lung Defense"],"prefix":"10.3390","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Pauline","family":"P\u00f6pperl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8034-000X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie","family":"Stoff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Beineke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany"},{"name":"Center for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), 30559 Hannover, Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1968","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e420","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30307-9","article-title":"The basic reproduction number (R0) of measles: A systematic review","volume":"17","author":"Guerra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Lancet Infect. 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